Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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The objective of this work was to characterize the magnetic field (B-field) that arises in a human brain model from the application of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS). ⋯ This is the first presentation and characterization of the three-dimensional (3D) spatial distribution of the B-field generated in a human brain model by tSMS. These data can provide quantitative dosing guidance for tSMS applications across various cortical targets and subjects. The finding that the B-field gradient is high near the magnet edges should be considered in studies where neural tissue is placed close to the magnet. The observation that susceptibility has negligible effects confirms assumptions in the literature.
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To explore the efficacy of remotely-supervised transcranial direct current stimulation (RS-tDCS) paired with cognitive training (CT) exercise in participants with multiple sclerosis (MS). ⋯ These initial findings indicate benefit for RS-tDCS paired with CT in MS. Exploratory analyses indicate that the earliest tDCS cognitive benefit is seen in complex attention and response variability. Telerehabilitation using RS-tDCS combined with CT may lead to improved outcomes in MS.
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Persistent mild traumatic brain injury related headache (MTBI-HA) represents a neuropathic pain state. This study tested the hypothesis that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at the left prefrontal cortex can alleviate MTBI-HA and associated neuropsychological dysfunctions. ⋯ A short-course rTMS at the left DLPFC can alleviate MTBI-HA symptoms and provide a transient mood enhancing benefit. Further studies are required to establish a clinical protocol balancing both treatment efficacy and patient compliance.
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To assess if transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) produces a temperature change at the skin surface, if any change is stimulation polarity (anode or cathode) specific, and the contribution of passive heating (joule heat) or blood flow on such change. ⋯ Taken together, our results indicate a moderate and nonhazardous increase in temperature at the skin surface during 2 mA tDCS that is independent of polarity, and results from stimulation induced blood flow rather than joule heat.
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The effect of acute transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cortical attention networks remains unclear. We examined the effect of 20 min of 2 mA dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tDCS (bipolar balanced montage) on the efficiency of alerting, orienting and executive attention networks measured by the attention network test. ⋯ Twenty minutes of active 2 mA tDCS over left DLPFC is associated with greater executive attention in healthy humans.