Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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Spinal cord stimulation can be effectively used in the treatment of low back pain and extremity pain in failed back surgery syndrome. Ideal targets for stimulation corresponding to paresthesia overlap in the low back versus the extremities may differ in cranial-caudal location. ⋯ Dual paddle placement through a single laminotomy may be a reasonable option for select patients where coverage of anatomically-separated pain regions is necessary. This technique can be performed in most patients without significantly increased morbidity.
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The objective of this study is to develop a fully implanted, intramuscular, bipolar, myoelectric signal (IM-MES) recording electrode for functional electrical stimulation (FES), prosthetic myoelectric control, and other permanently implantable systems. ⋯ A fully implanted, bipolar intramuscular recording electrode (IM-MES) was developed. Implantation of the IM-MES is straightforward, and almost any muscle can be targeted. Testing has been performed to demonstrate the suitability of the IM-MES electrode for clinical use. Initial clinical applications were successful.