Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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Present motor-system neural prostheses use electrical activation of last-order (motor) neurons to restore function. We are pursuing a new approach: restoration of function by electrical activation of higher-order interneurons. ⋯ The results demonstrate that electrical activation of spinal neural circuits allows generation of complex motor behaviors including micturition and organized multi-joint motor responses with a single electrode. Electrical activation of spinal neural circuits, and generation of the complex functions they subserve, holds great promise to advance the function of motor system neural prostheses.
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Objectives. To examine the performance and reliability of a redesigned implantable intrathecal catheter. Materials and Methods. ⋯ Comparison of data relating to implant techniques demonstrated a variety of catheter implant techniques (entry, positioning, anchoring) with no correlation between any one technique and the common complications. Conclusions. Performance data and physician assessments indicate that this catheter is an improvement over the previously available catheter.
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Electrical signals can be recorded using long-term implanted nerve cuff electrodes in human peripheral nerves. Reliable detection of sensory nerve signals is essential if such signals are to be of use in sensory-based functional electrical stimulation neural prosthetics as a replacement for artificial sensors (switches, strain gauges, etc.). In this review, the signal characteristics of the sensors, the nerve interface, signal processing, and an example of human application to restore motor functions are described.