J Sport Med Phys Fit
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J Sport Med Phys Fit · Mar 2002
Comparative Study Clinical TrialUltrasound changes to intramuscular architecture of the quadriceps following intramedullary nailing.
Disuse atrophy is the basis for profound physiological changes of the muscles of immobilised limbs. The aim of this study was to use high resolution real-time ultrasonography (HRRTU) to assess the quadriceps musculature and to try and measure atrophy. ⋯ These simple, reproducible, non-invasive ultrasound measurements can easily demonstrate differences in the quadriceps morphology in the nailed and unnailed limb, which could allow individual exercise programme prescription.
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Soccer reportedly places participants at risk for neuropsychological impairment, although it is unknown if the risk is associated primarily with concussion, subconcussive blows from heading the ball, or some combination thereof. Moreover, the extent to which younger versus older athletes are at risk for soccer-related cognitive impairment is unclear. We hypothesized that soccer athletes, especially older ones, would show poorer neuropsychological test performance than comparable swimmers. ⋯ Results provide additional evidence that participation in soccer may be associated with poorer neuropsychological performance, although the observed pattern of findings does not specifically implicate heading as the cause. Although deficits were most apparent among older soccer players, serial neuropsychological testing for early detection of impairment is recommended for younger players as well.