The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Sep 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of pioglitazone on renal calcium excretion.
Glitazones increase fracture risk in long-term users and in postmenopausal women. Studies have demonstrated deleterious effects of glitazones on bone metabolism. Glitazones also have direct renal tubular effects increasing sodium reabsorption. We hypothesized that glitazones may also regulate renal calcium excretion. ⋯ Pioglitazone decreases PTH levels and increases urinary calcium excretion, independently from changes in glomerular filtration rate and from the sodium load, suggesting an inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on the tubular reabsorption of calcium. These effects may contribute to the increased fracture risk with glitazone treatment.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Sep 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialSex differences in the effects of MDMA (ecstasy) on plasma copeptin in healthy subjects.
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) misuse is associated with hyponatremia particularly in women. Hyponatremia is possibly due to inappropriate secretion of plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP). ⋯ MDMA increased plasma copeptin, a marker for AVP secretion, in women but not in men. This sex difference in MDMA-induced AVP secretion may explain why hyponatremia is typically reported in female ecstasy users. The copeptin response to MDMA is likely mediated via MDMA-induced release of serotonin and/or norepinephrine because it was prevented by duloxetine, which blocks the interaction of MDMA with the serotonergic and noradrenergic system.