The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Sep 2020
Randomized Controlled TrialVITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): Effects of Vitamin D Supplements on Risk of Falls in the US Population.
It is unclear whether vitamin D supplementation reduces risk of falls, and results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are conflicting. ⋯ Daily supplemental vitamin D3 vs placebo did not decrease fall risk in generally healthy adults not selected for vitamin D insufficiency. This large RCT does not indicate that supplemental vitamin D should be used for primary prevention of falls in the US population.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Sep 2020
Meta AnalysisInsulin Sensitizers for Improving the Endocrine and Metabolic Profile in Overweight Women With PCOS.
To evaluate the efficacy of insulin sensitizers on menstrual frequency, sex hormone, and metabolic parameters in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). ⋯ For overweight women with PCOS, both metformin combined with GLP-1 receptor agonists and metformin combined with TZDs appear superior to monotherapy in improving hyperandrogenemia. Metformin combined with TZDs could be particularly effective in promoting the recovery of menstruation. Metformin combined with GLP-1 receptor agonists has the additional advantage of improving fasting glucose when compared with GLP-1 receptor agonists alone. TZDs are inferior to metformin in decreasing BMI.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Sep 2020
ReviewIndividualized Therapy for Hypothyroidism: Is T4 Enough for Everyone?
It is well recognized that some hypothyroid patients on levothyroxine (LT4) remain symptomatic, but why patients are susceptible to this condition, why symptoms persist, and what is the role of combination therapy with LT4 and liothyronine (LT3), are questions that remain unclear. Here we explore evidence of abnormal thyroid hormone (TH) metabolism in LT4-treated patients, and offer a rationale for why some patients perceive LT4 therapy as a failure. ⋯ After excluding other explanations, physicians should openly discuss and consider therapy with LT4 and LT3 with those hypothyroid patients who have persistent symptoms or metabolic abnormalities despite normalization of serum thyrotropin level. New clinical trials focused on symptomatic patients, genetic makeup, and comorbidities, with the statistical power to identify differences between monotherapy and combination therapy, are needed.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Sep 2020
Case ReportsApproach to the Patient: Perioperative Management of the Patient with Pheochromocytoma or Sympathetic Paraganglioma.
Pheochromocytomas and sympathetic paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare chromaffin cell tumors originating in the adrenal medulla and sympathetic paraganglia, respectively, which share the capacity to synthesize and release catecholamines. The incidence of PPGL has increased in recent years. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for PPGL. ⋯ Surgical resection of a PPGL is a high-risk procedure for which optimal pretreatment with antihypertensive drugs is required in combination with state-of-the-art surgical procedures and anesthesiological techniques. In this article we discuss the underlying evidence and the pros and cons of presurgical medical preparation. Finally, the areas of uncertainty and controversies in this field are addressed.