The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Dec 2020
ReviewICPis-Induced Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 2: A Review of the Literature and a Protocol for Optimal Management.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and its ligand (PD-L1) are now approved to treat a variety of cancers. However, ICPis therapy is associated with a risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 (APS-2) is a rare endocrine irAE. ⋯ Given the life-threatening risks of endocrine dysfunction if it is not promptly recognized (such as diabetic ketoacidosis and acute adrenal crisis), physicians (especially endocrinologists and oncologists) should be familiar with APS-2. After diagnosis of an autoimmune disease induced by ICPis (especially PD-1 inhibitors), patients with a high-risk HLA allele (HLA-DR4) require close monitoring for the development of APS-2.
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Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic condition that is reported to be associated with a prolonged rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval. ⋯ This study shows that the QTc interval in girls and women with TS is not prolonged compared with the general population derived from the literature, using both Bazett's and Hodges formulas. Furthermore, girls show shorter QTc intervals compared with women, and a monosomy 45,X karyotype is not associated with QTc prolongation.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Oct 2020
Effect of Gut Microbiota and PNPLA3 rs738409 Variant on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Obese Youth.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease, affecting approximately 3 in 10 obese children worldwide. ⋯ Obese youth with NAFLD have a different gut microbiota composition than those without NAFLD. These differences were still statistically significant when controlling for factors associated with NAFLD, including PNPLA3 rs738409.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Oct 2020
Case ReportsIs Subacute Thyroiditis an Underestimated Manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection? Insights From a Case Series.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 18 million people worldwide and the pandemic is still spreading. After the first case we reported, we observed 4 additional cases of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. ⋯ SAT may be an underestimated manifestation of COVID-19. Clinicians should keep in mind the possible occurrence of SAT during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. · Sep 2020
Randomized Controlled TrialVITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL): Effects of Vitamin D Supplements on Risk of Falls in the US Population.
It is unclear whether vitamin D supplementation reduces risk of falls, and results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are conflicting. ⋯ Daily supplemental vitamin D3 vs placebo did not decrease fall risk in generally healthy adults not selected for vitamin D insufficiency. This large RCT does not indicate that supplemental vitamin D should be used for primary prevention of falls in the US population.