Int J Clin Pharm Th
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Int J Clin Pharm Th · May 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of caudal tramadol vs bupivacaine for post-operative analgesia in children undergoing hypospadias surgery.
In a prospective double-blind study, 40 children scheduled for hypospadias repair were allocated randomly to receive either caudal tramadol (1 mg/kg) or 0.25% plain bupivacaine (0.5 ml/kg). Postoperative pain score, side-effects and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were recorded during 24-hour observation period. ⋯ The incidence of side-effects such as vomiting was more frequent with caudal tramadol, but there was no detectable difference in SaO2. We conclude that caudal tramadol can safely be used for postoperative analgesia with a longer duration as compared to caudal bupivacaine.
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Int J Clin Pharm Th · Apr 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialAnalgesic efficacy of liquid ketoprofen compared to liquid dipyrone and placebo administered orally as drops in postepisiotomy pain.
The objective of this single-center, single-dose, double-blind randomized parallel group study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of a new liquid formulation of ketoprofen at two dose levels (25 mg or 50 mg) compared to a commercially available liquid form of dipyrone 500 mg and placebo with all treatments administered as drops to patients with severe postepisiotomy pain. ⋯ Ketoprofen 25 mg or 50 mg, and dipyrone 500 mg seem to be equally suited for use as pain relief medication after minor surgery, as well as episiotomy. This study did not demonstrate a need for more than 25 mg of ketoprofen in postepisiotomy pain. All treatments were well tolerated. No adverse events were reported.
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Int J Clin Pharm Th · Mar 1999
Review Comparative StudySt. John's wort: a new alternative for depression?
The primary purpose of this article is to review the existing literature concerning the therapeutic uses, adverse effects, and possible drug interactions of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) as compared to other antidepressant medications. ⋯ From the existing literature, St. John's wort appears to be a safe and effective alternative in the treatment of depression. Tricylic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors can produce serious cardiac side-effects, such as tachycardia and postural hypotension, and many unwanted anticholinergic side-effects, including dry mouth and constipation. St. John's wort has proven to be free of any cardiac, as well as anticholinergic, side-effects normally seen with antidepressant medications. Based upon limited studies, St. John's wort appears to be an acceptable alternative to traditional antidepressant therapy, although trials on a larger scale are warranted in this area. Hypericum is available to the lay public as an over-the-counter preparation and may be misused if not fully understood.
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Int J Clin Pharm Th · Feb 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialV. A new route, jet injection of lidocaine for skin wheal for painless intravenous catheterization.
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of intradermal lidocaine anesthesia by two jet injectors to the routine needle infiltration and to the topical EMLA cream. ⋯ Almost completely painless i.v. catheterization by jet injection of lidocaine was accomplished, while needle infiltration produced pain/discomfort and did not significantly reduce it at the i.v. needle insertion.
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This review evaluates the effect of obesity on the various isozymes of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. ⋯ The effect of obesity on CYP450 appears to be isozyme-specific with the activity of cytochrome P450 3A4 decreasing and that of cytochrome P450 2E1 increasing. The effect of obesity on the cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, and 2D6 isozymes is inconclusive.