Pediatrics
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Comparative Study
Growth and development of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
This study examines the growth and development of 37 preterm infants, 20 with respiratory distress syndrome and 17 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The groups were balanced by sex, parity, family configuration, and socioeconomic status and were studied at either 12 or 18 months after hospital discharge. Findings indicate that infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia are at greater risk for growth retardation in their second year than infants with respiratory distress syndrome. ⋯ In contrast, the group of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia performed in the low-average to delayed range. Moreover, regression analyses show that type of respiratory illness explains more of the variance in cognitive outcomes than such neonatal factors as birth weight or gestational age. Thus, this study demonstrates that infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia are at high risk for developmental problems in their second year, and that the contribution of bronchopulmonary dysplasia to explanations of differential cognitive outcomes cannot be reduced to between-group differences in perinatal status.
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In an effort to characterize the performance of self-inflating resuscitators, three examples of three models were subjected to laboratory testing: the Ohio Hope II resuscitator (Ohio Medical Products, Madison, WI), the PMR-2 resuscitator (Puritan Medical Products, Lenexa, KS), and the Laerdal resuscitator (AS Laerdal, Stavanger, Norway). The devices were connected to a test lung and compressed at frequencies of from 10 to 60 and at greater than 60 breaths per minute at 5, 10, and 15 L/min of flow. ⋯ The pop-off valves for each device were activated throughout a wide range of pressures, the Laerdal 41 to 72 cm H2O, PMR-2 51 to 97 cm H2O, and the Ohio Hope II 38 to 106 cm H2O, well in excess of the manufacturer's specifications. Only the Laerdal with reservoir was able to deliver an Fio2 of greater than 0.9 when compressed at more than the pop-off valve pressure at rates of up to 30 breaths per minute using flows of 10 L/min, and it was the only device to produce Fio2 values of greater than 0.9 at all rates to 60 breaths per minute when compressed at less than the pop-off valve pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Lead poisoning has infrequently resulted from gunshot wounds with retained lead particles in adults. This has not been previously found in children. ⋯ The child had no symptoms directly related to lead poisoning, but he received chelation therapy. The case demonstrates the need to consider lead poisoning in children with retained particles following gunshot wounds.
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Five instances of three-wheeler, all-terrain vehicle accidents resulting in spinal cord injury are presented. Age range of victims was from 7 to 18 years. ⋯ Reports of all-terrain vehicle accidents in childhood from the US Consumer Product Safety Committee are also reviewed. Concerns are raised about the need for further data gathering about instances and types of injuries from these types of vehicles and the safety of use in all ages of children for these heavy, potentially high-speed vehicles.