Pediatrics
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We measured the relative impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in young children in terms of emergency department (ED) visits, clinical care requirements, and overall resource use. ⋯ For young children, RSV is associated with higher rates of ED visits, hospitalization, and caregiver resource use than is influenza. Our results provide data on the large number of children who receive outpatient care for influenza and RSV illnesses and serve to inform analyses of prevention programs and treatments for both influenza and RSV disease.
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We hypothesized that pressure reactivity index (PRx) values indicating preserved cerebrovascular pressure autoregulation would be associated with survival in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This hypothesis was tested in a prospective, blinded, observational, pilot study. ⋯ Intact cerebrovascular pressure reactivity quantified with the PRx is associated with survival after severe head trauma in children. The PRx is CPP dependent in children. The PRx may be useful for defining age-specific and possibly patient-specific optimal targets for CPP after TBI.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation for bradycardia with poor perfusion versus pulseless cardiac arrest.
The objective of this study was to assess whether pediatric inpatients who receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for bradycardia with poor perfusion are more likely to survive to hospital discharge than pediatric inpatients who receive CPR for pulseless arrest (asystole/pulseless electrical activity [PEA]), after controlling for confounding characteristics. ⋯ Pediatric inpatients with chest compressions initiated for bradycardia and poor perfusion before onset of pulselessness were more likely to survive to discharge than pediatric inpatients with chest compressions initiated for asystole or PEA.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
HIV risk reduction among detained adolescents: a randomized, controlled trial.
Criminally involved adolescents engage in high levels of alcohol-related risky sex. A theory-based sexual and alcohol risk-reduction intervention was designed, implemented, and evaluated in juvenile detention facilities. ⋯ Findings support the feasibility of integrating alcohol-specific sexual risk content into a theory-based sexual risk-reduction intervention and provide additional evidence that theory-based interventions are effective at reducing risky sex in this population. There was limited evidence of intervention effects on alcohol-use outcomes. Future research should focus on strengthening the GPI + GMET to most effectively target risky sexual behavior among at-risk adolescents.