J Am Diet Assoc
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Multicenter Study
Health professionals' and dietetics practitioners' perceived effectiveness of fruit and vegetable parenting practices across six countries.
Fruit and vegetable intake may reduce the risk of some chronic diseases. However, many children consume less-than-recommended amounts of fruit and vegetables. Because health professionals and dietetics practitioners often work with parents to increase children's fruit and vegetable intake, assessing their opinions about the effectiveness of parenting practices is an important step in understanding how to promote fruit and vegetable intake among preschool-aged children. ⋯ The theoretically derived factor structures for effective and ineffective parenting practices were evaluated using separate confirmatory factor analyses and demonstrated acceptable fit. Fruit and vegetable intake-related parenting practices that provide external control were perceived as ineffective or counterproductive, whereas fruit and vegetable intake-related parenting practices that provided structure, nondirective control, and were responsive were perceived as effective in getting preschool-aged children to consume fruit and vegetables. Future research needs to develop and validate a parent-reported measure of these fruit and vegetable intake-related parenting practices and to empirically evaluate the effect of parental use of the parenting practices on child fruit and vegetable consumption.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Whole-grain ready-to-eat oat cereal, as part of a dietary program for weight loss, reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults with overweight and obesity more than a dietary program including low-fiber control foods.
Weight loss and consumption of viscous fibers both lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. We evaluated whether or not a whole-grain, ready-to-eat (RTE) oat cereal containing viscous fiber, as part of a dietary program for weight loss, lowers LDL cholesterol levels and improves other cardiovascular disease risk markers more than a dietary program alone. ⋯ Consumption of a whole-grain RTE oat cereal as part of a dietary program for weight loss had favorable effects on fasting lipid levels and waist circumference.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
A large randomized individual and group intervention conducted by registered dietitians increased adherence to Mediterranean-type diets: the PREDIMED study.
To assess the effectiveness of an intervention aimed to increase adherence to a Mediterranean diet. ⋯ A 12-month behavioral intervention promoting the Mediterranean diet can favorably modify an individual's overall food pattern. The individual motivational interventions together with the group sessions and the free provision of high-fat and palatable key foods customary to the Mediterranean diet were effective in improving the dietary habits of participants in this trial.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Characteristics of the diet patterns tested in the optimal macronutrient intake trial to prevent heart disease (OmniHeart): options for a heart-healthy diet.
To describe the nutrient and food composition of the diets tested in the Optimal Macronutrient Intake Trial to Prevent Heart Disease (OmniHeart). ⋯ The OmniHeart diet patterns offer substantial flexibility in macronutrient intake that should make it easier to eat a heart-healthy diet and reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
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Multicenter Study
Metabolically obese normal weight and phenotypically obese metabolically normal youths: the CASPIAN Study.
The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and distribution of cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in children with generalized, central, or combined types of obesity and to possibly discover if a phenotypically obese metabolically normal and a metabolically obese normal weight phenotype could be identified in children and adolescents. ⋯ This study complements recent research about the adverse health hazards of abdominal obesity in children. The finding of metabolically obese normal weight children suggests that additional investigation for cardiovascular risk factors may be warranted in normal-weight children with an ethnic predisposition to chronic diseases.