The Medical journal of Australia
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To analyse results of a screening program for colorectal cancer using flexible sigmoidoscopy. ⋯ Flexible sigmoidoscopy screening is an acceptable strategy in asymptomatic, average-risk people which detects colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps. Screening has been associated with a trend to earlier presentation of cancer in our institution.
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Dairy foods provide the major, readily absorbed sources of calcium. Women aged 40 years and over should consume 3-4 serves of low-fat dairy food per day. If calcium supplements are required, the best absorption rate is from a dose of 500-600 mg of calcium once or twice daily. ⋯ Vitamin D supplements may be necessary for women with inadequate sun exposure. Salty foods and the addition of salt to food should be avoided. While there is emerging evidence for the role of phytoestrogens in bone health, more human trials are required to strengthen this evidence.
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Most randomised placebo-controlled trials show no benefit of phytoestrogens in managing menopausal vasomotor symptoms. Concentrated phytoestrogen supplements appear to have oestrogenic actions in the breast and may interfere with the therapeutic use of tamoxifen. Unlike concentrated supplements, foods rich in phytoestrogens, such as vegetables, grains and legumes, are also excellent sources of fibre, unsaturated protein, vitamins and minerals and their consumption should be encouraged.
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Zinc plays a central role in metabolism, including the assimilation of metabolic fuel and maintenance of immune function. Zinc intake in Australian women is low. Women should increase their intake of zinc through food sources. Zinc supplementation greater than 25 mg/day should be avoided.
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Slow weight reduction in overweight women can help to elevate mood. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may play a role in mental wellbeing. Eating breakfast regularly leads to improved mood, better memory, more energy and feelings of calmness. Eating regular meals and nutritious afternoon snacks may improve cognitive performance.