The Medical journal of Australia
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Review Meta Analysis
Residual risk of infection with blood-borne viruses in potential organ donors at increased risk of infection: systematic review and meta-analysis.
To estimate the prevalence and incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) among people at increased risk of infection in Australia; to estimate the residual risk of infection among potential solid organ donors in these groups when their antibody and nucleic acid test results are negative. ⋯ International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42017069820.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Routine glucose assessment in the emergency department for detecting unrecognised diabetes: a cluster randomised trial.
To determine whether routine blood glucose assessment of patients admitted to hospital from emergency departments (EDs) results in higher rates of new diagnoses of diabetes and documentation of follow-up plans. ⋯ Glucose and HbA1c screening of patients admitted to hospital from EDs does not alone increase detection of previously unidentified diabetes. Adequate resourcing and effective management pathways for patients with newly detected hyperglycaemia and diabetes are needed.
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Vitamin D is made in the skin when exposed to sunlight, so deficiency is usually the result of low sunlight exposure (eg, in frail older people and in individuals who are veiled). Calcium and/or vitamin D supplements have been used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The major trials in community-dwelling individuals have not demonstrated fracture prevention with either calcium, vitamin D, or their combination, but the results of a large study in vitamin D-deficient nursing home residents indicated a reduced fracture incidence. ⋯ Calcium supplements cause constipation, bloating and kidney stones, and some evidence suggests they may cause a small increase in the risk of myocardial infarction. Low dose vitamin D is safe, but high doses result in more falls and fractures. Current evidence does not support the use of these supplements in healthy community-dwelling adults.