Arch Med Sci
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There is evidence that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exert beneficial effects to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its complications remain poorly understood. Hypoadiponectinemia is one of the important mechanisms responsible for T2DM which necessitates developing novel therapeutic strategies. We aimed to determine the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on circulating adiponectin and mRNA expression of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2) and Sirt-1 in T2DM patients. ⋯ Daily supplementation with n-3 PUFAs (2.7 g) was effective to significantly improve gene expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 and the serum level of adiponectin in T2DM patients. Therefore, n-3 PUFAs might emerge as an adjuvant for current antidiabetic therapies. However, confirmatory long-term studies are required.
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Various forms of vitamin D and factors involved in their metabolism can play a role in the etiopathogenesis of metabolic disorders. This paper aims to define the relationship between concentration of the hydroxylated form of vitamin D (25(OH)D), the fraction of free and bioavailable vitamin D, and of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) levels on the one hand and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components on the other. ⋯ The evaluation of various forms of vitamin D and VDBP in different population groups seems to have significant clinical value in evaluating the prevalence of metabolic disorders.
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Obesity is the accumulation of abnormal or excessive fat that may interfere with the maintenance of an optimal state of health. The excess of macronutrients in the adipose tissues stimulates them to release inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6, and reduces production of adiponectin, predisposing to a pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress. The increased level of interleukin 6 stimulates the liver to synthesize and secrete C-reactive protein. ⋯ It is also associated with development of non-cardiovascular diseases such as psoriasis, depression, cancer, and renal diseases. On the other hand, a reduced level of adiponectin, a significant predictor of cardiovascular mortality, is associated with impaired fasting glucose, leading to type-2 diabetes development, metabolic abnormalities, coronary artery calcification, and stroke. Finally, managing obesity can help reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases and poor outcome via inhibiting inflammatory mechanisms.
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The interrelation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) (the revised National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF)) and obesity indices in predicting clinical severity and prognosis of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is insufficiently known. ⋯ MetS (NCEP-ATP III) and several central obesity indices are superior to BMI in predicting acute STEMI severity (clinical presentation, in-hospital complications, severity of coronary disease), while WC and MetS (IDF) have no influence on it. They all have no influence on prognosis.
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Deficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels have been associated with dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases, though the underlying mechanism of these associations is uncertain. We analyzed associations between vitamin D and other non-lipid biomarkers of cardiovascular risk to better elucidate possible relationships between deficient 25(OH)D and cardiovascular disease. ⋯ Deficient 25(OH)D is associated with elevated levels of many biomarkers of cardiovascular risk, particularly among women, in a United States population.