Bmc Med
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Observational Study
Rapid and non-invasive analysis of paracetamol overdose using paper arrow-mass spectrometry: a prospective observational study.
Paracetamol is the most consumed medicine globally. Its accessibility contributes to common overdose. Paracetamol overdose is responsible for > 50% of acute liver failure cases, making it the second most common reason for a liver transplant. Rapid quantitation of paracetamol is crucial to guide treatment of paracetamol overdose. Current tests require invasive sampling and relatively long turnaround times. Paper arrow-mass spectrometry (PA-MS) combines sample collection, extraction, separation, enrichment and ionisation onto a single paper strip, achieving rapid, accurate, cost-effective and eco-friendly analysis direct from raw human saliva. ⋯ Paracetamol detection from SS with PA-MS provides a reliable result that can aid timely treatment decisions. Differences between paracetamol concentration in resting and stimulated saliva were also identified for the first time, highlighting the importance of standardising saliva collection methods in general. This study marks a major milestone towards rapid and convenient saliva analysis.
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The spatial layout of large-scale functional brain networks exhibits considerable inter-individual variability, especially in the association cortex. Research has demonstrated a link between early socioeconomic status (SES) and variations in both brain structure and function, which are further associated with cognitive and mental health outcomes. However, the extent to which SES is associated with individual differences in personalized functional network topography during childhood remains largely unexplored. ⋯ These results offer insights into how SES influences neurodevelopment through personalized functional neuroanatomy in childhood, highlighting the cortex-wide, hierarchically organized plasticity of the functional networks in response to diverse SES backgrounds.
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Chronological age (CA) does not reflect individual variation in the aging process. However, existing biological age predictors are mostly based on European populations and overlook the widespread nonlinear effects of clinical biomarkers. ⋯ Our results highlight the potential of PAI and ΔPAI as integrative biomarkers to evaluate aging acceleration and facilitate the development of targeted intervention strategies for healthy aging.
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Meta Analysis
Effectiveness of geriatric rehabilitation in inpatient and day hospital settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Geriatric rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary intervention that promotes functional recovery in older adults. Our objective was to assess the efficacy of geriatric rehabilitation in inpatient and geriatric day hospital settings. ⋯ PROSPERO: CRD42022345078.
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Vaping prevalence has increased rapidly in England since 2021. This study estimated trends between 2013 and 2024 in vaping among ex-smokers, overall and among those who did not use e-cigarettes to support their quit attempt. ⋯ Vaping prevalence increased substantially among adult ex-smokers in England over the past decade, particularly at younger ages. While this is likely to have been largely driven by increased use of e-cigarettes in quit attempts and continued use thereafter, there was also evidence of increased uptake of vaping among those who had been abstinent from smoking for many years.