Bratisl Med J
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Our paper deals with the situation of medieval anatomy language in the pre-Vesalian period. It also explains the necessity of terminology reform undertaken by Vesalius in his De humani corporis fabrica. ⋯ Emphasis is laid on Vesalius' effort to unify terms as far as their meaning is concerned, to record lexical items and to create a permanent nomenclature in order to eliminate discrepancies in this field of communication. Our paper contains a lot of information on terminology demonstrating Vesalius' language reform and reminding us of his great achievement, for which he is considered a forerunner of anatomy nomenclature codification. (Ref. 5.)
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For many years, the intensivists are searching for an easily measurable and available parameter which might reflect the intensity of stress and/or systemic inflammation in critically ill patients following shock, multiple trauma, major surgery or sepsis. Recently, some authors have described the onset of significant lymphocytopenia after polytrauma, major surgery, endotoxaemia and sepsis. We investigate whether serial examination of white blood cell counts may reflect and clarify the immune response to stressful events in critically ill patients. ⋯ In the population of 90 ICU oncological patients, we observed rapid serial changes in white blood cell populations, as a response of the immune system to surgical stress, systemic inflammation or sepsis. Preliminary results show the correlation between the severity of clinical course and the grade of neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia. The ratio of neutrophil and lymphocyte counts (in absolute and/or relative % values) is an easily measurable parameter which may express the severity of affliction. We suggest the term: neutrophil-lymphocyte stress factor, as a ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts, which can be routinely used in clinical ICU practice in intervals of 6-12 and 24 hours. The prognostic value of neutrophil-lymphocyte stress factor should be evaluated in further studies. (Tab. 6, Fig. 5, Ref. 12.)
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The authors present results of group of 13 neonates treated with high frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV) with high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) for severe respiratory failure. The ventilatory protocol was based on the following principles: a) higher mean airway pressure (MAP) to achieve adequate oxygenation, b) MAP titrated mainly with PEEP, c) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) below 0.6, d) small tidal volumes 3-6 ml/kg, e) ventilatory rates to achieve normocapnia in newborns with persistent pulmonary hypertension and to allow permissive hypercapnia in others. During HFPPV, the maximum values for respiratory rate, PEEP, MAP and peak inspiratory pressures (PIP), the incidence of airleak and the need for inotropic support were recorded. ⋯ Catecholamines were used in 8 patients. The duration of ventilatory support lasted in average 6 days (2-18). All patients were successfully extubated. 5 of them required nasal continuous positive airway pressure (14 hours--7 days). (Tab. 3, Fig. 3, Ref. 19.)
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THE CURRENT STATE: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in children. In our geographic conditions D(+)HUS prevails, in its etiology E. coli O157:H7 is represented most. In the course of HUS there can occur extrarenal damage to some organs, the manifestation of multiple organ failure is then possible. Delayed diagnosis of HUS, its complicated course and therapeutical strategy influence greatly the mortality rate of affected children.
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Late effects of anticancer therapy on kidney function in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
THE CURRENT STATE: Children with curable cancer are potentially at risk of long-term renal sequelae. The nephrotoxicity is considered dose related and includes a variable reduction of glomerular filtration rate along with tubular dysfunction.