Dtsch Arztebl Int
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Current guidelines for assessing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) recommend using the patient's body-mass index (BMI) as a primary measure. Waist circumference measurement is recommended for overweight or obese patients only (BMI > or = 25). ⋯ These findings imply that the waist circumference is an important additional piece of information for assessing the risk of type 2 DM, particularly among persons of low or normal weight.
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In 2004, the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg implemented a quality management system for pre-hospital emergency care. Since then, there has been a semi-annual assessment of the frequency of different types of emergency medical interventions and the quality of care. ⋯ Even in the face of increasing utilization, the quality of emergency medical care in Baden-Württemberg has remained high. Since a quality management system was introduced in 2004, the physicians in charge of emergency medical teams have had access to the data that they need in order to evaluate and further develop the services that they provide.
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Stress incontinence in men is a rare, usually iatrogenic condition. Its prevalence can be expected to rise in the future because of the increasingly common performance of radical prostatectomy. Most men who have undergone prostatectomy experience a transient disturbance of urinary continence. Such disturbances are only rarely due to structural damage to the sphincter apparatus and therefore have a good prognosis for spontaneous recovery. ⋯ Post-prostatectomy incontinence has a good prognosis and should thus be treated conservatively at first. If it nonetheless persists, surgical treatment is indicated for patients who choose it after being fully informed about their options.
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Comprehensive, systematic reviews on the benefit of vision screening in preschool children were published in 2008 by major national organizations in both Germany and the United Kingdom. These reviews raised public interest in the topic. ⋯ The available data do not allow any firm conclusion about the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of preschool vision screening. Further clinical studies are needed to answer these questions.
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Restricting the dietary intake of sodium chloride is associated with a reduction of the arterial blood pressure by approximately 4/2 mm Hg in hypertensive patients and by approximately 1/0.6 mm Hg in normotensive persons. As the cardiovascular risk is known to rise steadily with systolic blood pressure values starting from 115 mm Hg, lowering the mean blood pressure of the general population by dietary salt restriction would seem to be a practicable form of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. ⋯ On the basis of the available studies, it seems likely that a moderate lowering of the daily intake of sodium chloride by the general population from 8 to 12 grams per day (the current value) to 5 to 6 grams per day would be a useful public health measure, with economic benefits as well. The potential risks for certain groups of individuals are foreseeable and controllable. A general reduction of dietary salt intake can only be achieved by reducing the sodium chloride content of industrially processed foods, as these account for 75% to 80% of the sodium chloride consumed daily. Aside from a general reduction of dietary salt intake, further important primary prevention measures for the general population include changes in lifestyle and in dietary habits.