Gac Med Mex
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a β herpesvirus and a significant human pathogen. After primary infection establishes life long latency. In immunocompetent individuals cell-mediated host immune responses prevent the development of overt CMV disease. ⋯ In the pathogenesis are involved immunodysfunction and imbalance in immunomodulatory mediators principally tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Several studies have shown an association between CMV reactivation in immunocompetent critically ill patients and poor clinical outcomes. Further studies are warranted to identify subsets of patients who are at risk of developing CMV reactivation and to determine the role of antiviral agents on clinically outcomes in critically ill patients.
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In this paper we review the main medical programs from the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) faculty of medicine in the first seventy-five years of twentieth century. We have selected those instances that are representative of special moments in the development of Mexican medical knowledge, and also corresponding to the need to prepare medical students in view of social demands. ⋯ After those, the 1956 and 1960 programs are mentioned and briefly analyzed; both were founded on the concern to develop a clinical reasoning in the student. Finally, the 1974 Integral General Medicine Program directed its interest to social and environmental themes.
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The analysis of the Plan Unico de Estudios of the medical career was the result of five years of collegiate work in which commissions consisting of academic staff of different departments from the faculty of medicine at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) participated. The most significant conclusions derived from this analysis are: to adjust the graduate’s profile in order to face the emerging health problems of the twenty-first century in our country; to update the academic curricula of the different subjects, including new ones; to create a nuclear curricula; as well as to strengthen the basic-clinic and the clinic-basic. With regard to the teaching/learning process, we acknowledged the need to develop self-cognitive and self-motivational skills in students as well as to consider a different evaluation for students and teachers.
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An ankle/arm index < 0.90 and ≥ 1.41 is considered as abnormal. This study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease through the identification of the ankle/arm index using Doppler ultrasound, and the possible association between pathological ankle/arm index and the micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes and amputation. ⋯ Diabetic patients have a high prevalence of pathological ankle/arm index.
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The 2010 undergraduate medical degree curriculum at the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) is the result of eight years of collegiate work, which started under the leadership of Dr. Jose Narro Robles, our current Dean. In order to fulfill the aim of integrally developing a physician in the scientific, technical, social and human aspects, this academic plan considered the adaptations from a self-assessment test, the opinions expressed during academic workshops with professors from different disciplines, the work of committees and the results of external evaluations, as well as national and international health issues. ⋯ An education model was defined by subjects with an outline of two years of basic sciences and two-and-a-half years of clinical work aside from internship and social service. In order to achieve this and seek a better curricular organization, three curricular axes were settled: bio- and sociomedical clinic integration, medicine/information technology link, and the ethical/humanistic professional combination. We are certain that the 2010 Academic Curriculum will draw the graduates we need to train and to the professional requisites for our society in the XXI century.