Gac Med Mex
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Humans are exposed every day to innumerable external stimuli, both environmental and microbial. Immunological memory recalls each specific stimulus and mounts a secondary response that is faster and of a larger magnitude than the primary response; this process constitutes the basis for vaccine development. ⋯ Memory T cells have an important role in the resolution of COVID-19, and they are key pillars of immunological memory. In this review, we summarize the main findings regarding anti-SARS-CoV-2 memory T cells after infection, after vaccination, and after the combination of these two events ("hybrid immunity"), and analyze how these cells can contribute to long-term protection against the infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Information about access to the public health system for elders is lacking in Mexico. ⋯ There are persistently low levels of public healthcare access among older Mexican adults. Frailty elders had more probability of having access in 2018. Seguro Popular might have promoted access by overcoming organizational obstacles from the public system and surpassing sociodemographic barriers. After its elimination, sociodemographic variables became more relevant in promoting or reducing access.
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In developed countries, most of the neurologists use pericranial nerve blocks to treat headache patients, nevertheless, the knowledge and use patterns of this technique in developing countries are unknown. ⋯ The knowledge and use of pericranial nerve blocks for the treatment of headaches in Mexico is low. Stakeholders should develop strategies to improve the field of headache disorders in Mexico.
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The exercise of all human rights is inherent to all persons, which must be guaranteed by the States regardless of the characteristics of all persons, such as age, gender, sexual preferences, ethnic origin, nationality or migratory status. This document presents a reflection on the discrimination that older people face not only because they are older (ageism), but also because of other characteristics that place them in a situation of greater vulnerability and discrimination, such as belonging to the LGBT+ community, being in prisons or having HIV. ⋯ The health challenges that the country faces are presented, and a call is made to leave no one behind, encouraging the most vulnerable populations to have immediate attention free of discrimination. The elderly are the present and the future of the realities of our countries, where Mexico is no exception.
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Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare, atypical parkinsonism, characterized by the presence of intracerebral tau protein aggregates and determined by a wide spectrum of clinical features. The definitive diagnosis is postmortem and is identified through the presence of neuronal death, gliosis, and aggregates of the tau protein presented in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (MNF) with a globose appearance in regions such as the subthalamic nucleus, the substantia nigra, and the globus pallidus The findings in ancillary imaging studies, as well as fluids biomarkers, are not sufficient to support diagnosis of PSP but are used to rule out similar pathologies because there are still no specific or validated biomarkers for this disease. ⋯ Cellular models constitute a good tool to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying them. Finally, PSP in Mexico has been little studied, and its diagnosis is often confused with Parkinson's disease, it has a great health and socio-economic impact on patients, their families, and caregivers, which is why it requires further investigation at both a basic and clinical level.