Niger J Clin Pract
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Propofol is the most widely used short-acting intravenous anesthetic in clinical practice. Existing studies have shown that propofol has many effects on the cardiovascular system in addition to its anesthetic effect. Propofol can antagonize a variety of tachyarrhythmias and reduce the risk of recurrence, regulate autonomic balance of the heart, modulate circulatory dynamics, thereby increasing blood perfusion to vital organs such as the kidney, intestine, and brain, and exert myocardial protection and cerebral protection during ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this paper, we review the potential mechanisms of these effects and provide and ideas for future research and novel drug development of propofol and its derivatives in cardiac electrophysiology and circulatory dynamics.
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Hearing loss, also termed as hearing impairment, is an ailment where hearing is impaired partially or fully. About one in eight people suffer from hearing loss worldwide. The main aim of this current systematic review was to analyze the clinical effectiveness of cochlear implant (CI) surgery in pediatric and adult patients. ⋯ In the performance of post CI outcomes in patients, the age is not a determinant factor. CI is an effective aid in communication and speech perception for a majority of people with mild to severe hearing loss. Further studies are needed with large databases, patient registries for long term follow up details, higher quality reporting, and longer duration to develop stronger evidence.
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Review
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: A Rare but Clinically Important Disease for the Otolaryngologist.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is rare but debilitating autoimmune disease and commonly presents with sinonasal as well as other head and neck symptoms. ⋯ This review illustrates the important role that an otolaryngologist can play in the work up and symptom management of patients with GPA. Knowledge of the common presenting symptoms as well as more rare presentations of GPA is extremely important for otolaryngologists as prompt diagnosis and management is extremely important to avoid significant morbidity and mortality.
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Genioplasty, a key technique for dentofacial abnormalities, is essential for establishing facial harmony. This surgical procedure entails an osteotomy of the chin, which alters its three-dimensional location to restore overall face equilibrium. Modern genioplasty, which is frequently performed alone or in combination with rhinoplasty, facelifts, and orthognathic surgery, employs a variety of materials for chin augmentation, ranging from autologous to alloplastic. ⋯ Customized implants provide a single therapy for rare anatomical defects, generally with lower morbidity, making them critical for patients undergoing many procedures or suffering from syndromic disorders. Virtual surgical planning advances will continue to give dependable solutions for small and complex chin position issues. Modern surgeons will continue to combine history, anatomy, rigorous evaluation, excellent execution, and technological breakthroughs to achieve the best possible outcomes for their patients, raising their social standing.
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Review Case Reports
Myasthenia Gravis with Toxic Goiter: Challenges with Management in a Low-Resource Setting in Africa; Review of Literature and Case Report.
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease with the cardinal feature being exertional voluntary skeletal muscle weakness and fatigability. It can be an isolated finding or in association with other autoimmune conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or rheumatoid arthritis. Thymectomy is recommended for most patients with MG whose symptoms begin before the age of 60 years. ⋯ She subsequently had thymectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy with a satisfactory outcome. We highlight this case to show that MG with thymoma and goiter could coexist. Reports of such findings are infrequently reported in our environment.