Pak J Med Sci
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To determine the Homocysteine levels in type 2 diabetics and correlate homocysteine with HbA1c levels, BMI, blood pressure and duration of diabetes. ⋯ Systolic blood pressure and duration of diabetes showed a significant positive correlation with homocysteine. The correlation of homocysteine with HbA1c was not certain from researcher's point of view and further studies of larger sample size and longer duration must be conducted to ascertain the association between the two variables.
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To compare depression and psychological well-being between caregivers of schizophrenic patients and non-caregivers and to study the burden of caregiving as a relative risk for depression and psychological well-being. ⋯ Caregiving adversely affects informal caregivers' mental health and wellbeing. Informal caregiving is a burden for the caregivers; health status of family members involved in caregiving should be routinely assessed to enhance their health-related quality of life.
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To determine effectiveness and safety of echocardiography guided bed side Balloon Atrial Septostomy (BAS) in dextro transposition of great Arteries (dTGA) with intact ventricular septum (IVS) at a public sector tertiary care hospital Karachi, Pakistan. ⋯ Our study provides sufficient evidence that bed side balloon atrial septostomy is a safer technique, save a lot of time and resources which were required otherwise in transporting these patients to catheterization laboratory.
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The purpose of the study was to identify the sequence of violence that ensues after breaking bad news and develop a contextual model of breaking bad news and develop a model contextual for Pakistan. ⋯ Communication of bad news requires application of specific approaches to deal with contextual challenges for reducing violence against healthcare.
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To evaluate the efficacy of the chest tube drainage (CTD) and the needle aspiration (NA) in the treatment of primary Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP). ⋯ Needle aspiration (NA) can be applied as a first step treatment in patients with primary SP, considering its advantages.