Rev Invest Clin
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Historical Article
[Tobacco and tobacco use disorder in the history of Mexico and Europe].
The tobacco used for a long time by American and Caribbean natives was introduced into Europe at the end of XV century, and essentially during the XVI century, by travelers returning to their Fatherlands. After the tobacco industry was organized, several concerns arose regarding medical and social care for the workers in the tobacco factories. Medical and hygienic aspects were reflected in a whole chapter (the XVII) of the Ramazzini's Treatise on Medicine of Work, published in 1700. ⋯ In opposition to the predictions of some natives and visitors during the last centuries, with the passage of time, the tobacco habit instead of decreasing, became progressively more accentuated in all social classes. To aggravate conditions, at present, the noxious effects of the tobacco smoke are combined with those of environmental contamination. Recent epidemiological reports on the number and health conditions of smokers, as well as the National Antitobacco Program in Mexico, are mentioned.
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Mechanical ventilation plays a central role in the critical care setting; but its use is closely related with some life threatening complications as nosocomial pneumonia and low cardiac performance. One of the most severe complications is called ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) and it includes: Barotrauma, volutrauma, atelectrauma, biotrauma and oxygen-mediated toxic effects and it is related with an inflammatory response secondary to the stretching and recruitment process of alveoli within mechanical ventilation. The use of some protective ventilatory strategies has lowered the mortality rate 10% approximately.
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Review Case Reports
[Malignancy prediction in endocrine pancreas neoplasias].
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Abnormal lung mechanics with diminution of pulmonary volumes and airflows is an adverse effect occurring during the immediate postoperative period of the upper-abdomen surgery. ⋯ Our results suggest that age is inversely related to the pulmonary function decline observed one day after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which might be explained by the increment of the pain threshold or the decrease of postoperative inhibitory reflexes occurring with aging.
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Wardrop's formula to estimate available oxygen has been used to assess non-critically ill pre-term newborn infants (PTNIs) of 28-32 weeks gestational age who may need red blood cell transfusion ( RBCT ). The use of this formula has not been analyzed in critically-ill PTNIs. The objective of this study was to compare available oxygen levels before and after RBCTs in critically-ill PTNIs of 28-36 weeks gestational age, and to assess is potential usefulness. ⋯ Available oxygen is a good parameter to assess the need for RBCTs in critically-ill PTNIs of 28-36 weeks gestational age. Available oxygen values < 8mL/dL may be another parameter to consider as a criterion for RBCT in these patients.