Saudi Med J
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The management of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules remains debatable as their malignancy is difficult to establish. Most nodules have benign postoperative histology, but an accurate assessment of their proclivity for malignant transformation is crucial. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of various tools, including clinical, radiological, and cytological features, as well as biochemical and molecular markers, on the management of these heterogeneous nodules. ⋯ Thus, personalized approaches have been recommended. Large-scale multicenter prospective studies are needed to elucidate controversial issues. As this topic has not been comprehensively covered based on publications from the Gulf region, this review aims to shed light on remaining controversies.
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Observational Study
Metabolic and renal outcomes of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending Armed Forces Hospital in Saudi Arabia: Retrospective cohort study.
To explore the effects of empagliflozin (25 mg) on metabolic and renal parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ⋯ In the current study, empagliflozin has demonstrated efficacy in controlling blood pressure and body weight, and improving renal function, short-term dyslipidemia, and glycemic control in patients with T2DM.
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To understand the impact of diabetes on bone mineral density and whether it increases the likelihood of osteoporosis. ⋯ Patients with diabetes had higher lumbar BMD than nondiabetics, although femoral BMD was similar. Patients with diabetes have a lower osteoporosis risk than nondiabetics.
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To contribute to this discussion by comparing the complications associated with early-diagnosed versus (vs.) late-diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for mothers and infants in order to provide baseline data that might guide future changes in the current recommendations for screening. ⋯ Therefore, the current findings emphasize the need for early screening in pregnant women with high pregestational BMI and a history of GDM and show that those with early-onset GDM more likely to need insulin therapy and be at a higher risk of developing pre-eclampsia.