Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology
-
Scand. J. Gastroenterol. · Oct 2006
Effects of posture on the physiology of gastric emptying: a magnetic resonance imaging study.
Gastric contents empty from the stomach despite frequent changes in body position. The mechanism that maintains gastric emptying independent of position is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of body position on gastric emptying and motor function. ⋯ The stomach maintains the rate of gastric emptying despite radical changes in body position and intragastric distribution of gastric contents. In SP, hydrostatic pressure (modulated by gastric tone) dictates the gastric emptying. In UDP, gastric emptying also appears to be mediated by continuous adaptation of gastric tone. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that the mechanism of gastric emptying resembles a "pressure pump" rather than a "peristaltic pump".
-
Scand. J. Gastroenterol. · Aug 2006
Inhibitory effects of gastric electrical stimulation on ghrelin-induced excitatory effects on gastric motility and food intake in dogs.
To investigate the effects of ghrelin on food intake, gastric motility and whether gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is capable of reversing these effects of ghrelin in dogs. ⋯ Ghrelin induces antral contractions and increases food intake. GES is capable of blocking these excitatory effects of ghrelin. These findings suggest that GES may inhibit the resistant effect of ghrelin on weight loss.
-
Scand. J. Gastroenterol. · Jul 2006
Conservation of whole body nitric oxide metabolism in human alcoholic liver disease: implications for nitric oxide production.
Patients with advanced liver diseases tend to develop a hyperdynamic circulation which complicates cirrhosis. Impairment of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent whole body NO production in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. ⋯ Our results contraindicate a greater basal NOS-dependent whole body NO production in patients with decompensated liver disease and portal hypertension.
-
Scand. J. Gastroenterol. · Jun 2006
Comparative StudyCentral sensitization in patients with non-cardiac chest pain: a clinical experimental study.
Patients with non-cardiac chest pain (NNCP) suffer from unexplained and often intractable pain which can pose a major clinical problem. The aim of this study was to investigate nociceptive processing in NNCP patients and their response to experimentally acid-induced oesophageal hyperalgesia using a multimodal stimulation protocol. ⋯ NCCP patients showed facilitated central pain mechanisms (temporal summation and visceral hyperalgesia after sensitization). This could be used in the diagnosis and understanding of the symptoms in these patients.
-
Scand. J. Gastroenterol. · Jun 2006
Inhibitory effect of GLP-1 on gastric motility persists after vagal deafferentation in pigs.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal hormone that is secreted in response to meal ingestion. GLP-1 inhibits gastric emptying and reduces postprandial gastric secretion and may play a physiological regulatory role in controlling appetite and energy intake in humans. The GLP-1 receptors have been identified in several organs including the stomach, brain and pancreas. The GLP-1 mechanism of action on insulin secretion is at least partly mediated via receptors on the pancreatic islet, but the mechanism by which GLP-1 retards gastric emptying is not known and may involve neural interactions, although GLP-1 has no effect on vagally stimulated motor activity of the isolated porcine antrum. ⋯ GLP-1 significantly inhibited centrally induced antral motility and the inhibitory effect of GLP-1 on gastric motility persisted after vagal deafferentation, supporting the hypothesis that the inhibitory effect results from direct interaction of GLP with receptors in the CNS, which in turn reduce vagal efferent output.