Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
[Effect of nitrous oxide on the bispectral index during sevoflurane anesthesia].
We studied the effects of nitrous oxide on the relationship between end-tidal sevoflurane concentration and bispectral index (BIS) in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Anesthesia was maintained with combination of epidural and sevoflurane anesthesia in air (control group; n = 15) or with 67% nitrous oxide (nitrous oxide group; n = 15). The end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was increased by 0.5% every 15 min to 3% and BIS values were recorded at each step. ⋯ Nitrous oxide with sevoflurane caused more reduction in BIS in comparison with sevoflurane alone. The sevoflurane concentration for BIS at 50 in the nitrous oxide group (0.9 +/- 0.4%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.2 +/- 0.4%). The results suggest that the hypnotic effect of sevoflurane was enhanced by the addition of nitrous oxide during abdominal surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
[Effects of concentration and dosage of lidocaine on preventing the pain on injection of propofol].
Although it is well-known that 2% lidocaine has an effective action for preventing propofol-induced pain, it has been unclear whether or not lidocaine of the concentration below 2% has the effective action similar to 2% lidocaine. One-hundred and thirty-two patients were randomly assigned to one of the six groups according to concentration and dosage of lidocaine administered at the time of the initiation of propofol infusion. Groups I and II received 1 ml and 2 ml of 1% lidocaine, respectively; Groups III and IV were given 1 ml and 2 ml of 0.5% lidocaine, respectively; Group V received 2 ml of 2% lidocaine; Group VI was administered 1 ml of normal saline as a control. ⋯ Number of patients complaining of a pain during induction was more in Group VI with significance (P < 0.0001) and number of patients complaining of uncomfortableness was also more with significance (P < 0.0001). Incidence of propofol-induced pain and degree of satisfaction with anesthetic induction were similar among the groups receiving lidocaine. Even 0.5% lidocaine may have the same effective action as 2% lidocaine for preventing the pain on injection of propofol.
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Clinical characteristics of perioperative pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) at Kitasato University Hospital in Japan were analyzed. Eighteen patients were documented as apparent diagnosis of PTE which developed perioperatively in the period of 1991-1999. The incidence of PTE was 18 out of approximately 50,000 surgical cases. ⋯ Perioperative PTE tended to occur in patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (3/18) and cesarean section (3/18). Seven out of 18 PTE patients died. It should be noted that perioperative PTE is prevalent in patients with risk factors of obesity and prolonged bed rest after surgery, and that laparoscopic cholecystectomy and cesarean section may become additional risk factors in patients who are otherwise healthy young adults.
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We reported five patients had developed sudden bradycardia and hypotension under spinal anesthesia during transurethral resection of the prostate. The symptoms occurred not only just after the induction of spinal anesthesia, but also at the end of operation. It seems that these symptoms are caused from water intoxication, myocardial ischemia or vagal reflex. This emphasizes the importance of rigorous vigilance on patients until the end of operation.
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A 76-yr-old male presented for leg amputation above the knee. The patient complained of dyspnea due to pulmonary embolism occurring 3 weeks before operation. ⋯ The nerves were anesthetized with 0.75% ropivacaine solution 31 ml by use of an electrical nerve stimulator and an insulated needle. Nerve stimulation technique is the best choice for patients who are unable to report paresthesias reliably.