Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology
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Comparative Study
[The comparison of IRV and PEEP on gas exchanges in dogs with aspiration pneumonia].
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pressure control inverse ratio ventilation (PC-IRV) and PEEP (in which both mean airway pressure and tidal volume were the same), on the gas exchange and the hemodynamics in 40 dogs in which the bronchi were injected with 2 ml.kg-1 0.1 N-hydrochloric acid. The dogs were classified into 5 groups and were ventilated with 5 kinds of ventilatory modes for 8 hours. The control group was ventilated by volume control ventilation (VCV) without PEEP, using a Servo Ventilator 900 C. ⋯ In group C, PaO2 showed the highest increase. PC-IRV decreased PaCO2. It was concluded that PC-IRV did not improve arterial oxygenation but showed a favorable effect for CO2 elimination in dogs with aspiration pneumonia induced by hydrochloric acid.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
[Preanesthetic meals in elective surgical patients].
This study investigated the effect of preanesthetic meals on the volume and pH of gastric contents in forty elective surgical patients ranging in ages from 20 to 60 years. Twenty patients who were given either isotonic beverage 250 ml or apple juice 250 ml on the morning of the operative day were subjected as control group and twenty patients of the breakfast group took two slices of bread with the above drink. About seven hours following drinking and feeding, the mean values of gastric volume were 20.9 +/- 18.3 ml in the control group and 19.2 +/- 16.3 ml in the breakfast group. ⋯ However, very small amount of the bread was detected in the gastric fluid of three patients in the breakfast group. As preanesthetic drinking and feeding are advantageous for reducing the anxieties of preoperative patients and also for their nutrition during operation, it is encouraging that eating two slices of bread did not induce a significant effect of gastric volume or pH. The minute fragment of bread seems to have no clinically significant effect.
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
[Epidural buprenorphine and epidural droperidol for post-operative nausea or vomiting].
For 120 young patients who had undergone reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament of the knee, we investigated the effect of epidural administration of buprenorphine on the incidence of nausea or vomiting, and the anti-emetic effect of epidural administration of droperidol. In the group who had received bolus injection of buprenorphine 0.1 mg, nausea or vomiting occurred early most often, and the injection was not useful to prolong analgesic effect. ⋯ While, continuous infusion of droperidol 5 mg was effective in decreasing nausea or vomiting caused by continuous epidural infusion of buprenorphine. In conclusion, continuous epidural administration of droperidol is useful to prevent nausea or vomiting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
[Efficacy of lidocaine tape for venous cannulation in children].
We evaluated whether lidocaine tape (3 X 5 cm, contained 18 mg of lidocaine) could reduce pain caused by venous cannulation in children during anesthetic induction. One hundred and thirty-five children scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned to three groups according to the application time of the tape (30 min, 60 min and 120 min). Pain assessment was made by using our pain score (0: no response, 1: slight agitation, 2: strong agitation, at the venous cannulation). ⋯ In another 25 patients (weighing 3.5-30 kg), plasma concentration of lidocaine were measured 120 min after application of a piece of this tape. Arterial blood was sampled at 30 and 120 min after the tape was removed. Plasma lidocaine levels were always below 0.8 mcg.ml-1 In conclusion, the lidocaine tape may be useful and safely applicable for venous cannulation in children.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
[Evaluation of postoperative hypoxemia after spinal anesthesia with a pulse oximeter].
We investigated postoperative hypoxemia after spinal anesthesia in 24 adult patients by monitoring SPO2 with a pulse oximeter for 5 hours in the ward. The patients received spinal anesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine and sedated with midazolam during operation. Twelve patients inhaled 3 l.min-1 oxygen via a mask for initial 3 hours, and the other breathed room air all the time. ⋯ The postoperative SPO2 value correlated significantly with BMI (body mass index) and preanesthetic SPO2, but not with the dose of midazolam or supplemental pentazocine, and postoperative conscious states. In conclusion, there are some incidences of postoperative hypoxemia after spinal anesthesia irrespectively of the dose of midazolam used intraoperatively. Inhalation of 3 l.min-1 oxygen via a mask is sufficient to prevent such postoperative hypoxemia.