Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology
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Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is a genetic cardiomyopathy characterized by replacement of right ventricular myocardium by fibrofatty infiltrates, leading to significant ventricular arrhythmias with sudden death and right ventricular dysfunction. Elective operations should be postponed, until the arrhythmias and myocardial function are well tolerated. There has been no guideline on the anesthetic management of this serious, despite rare, disease and there are a few reports of the patients undergoing operation under either general or regional anesthesia. ⋯ It is essential to apply alpha-adrenergic agonists instead of beta-agonists for intraoperative hemodynamic support. The arrhythmias should be managed with beta-blockers or amiodarone. Adequate control of postoperative analgesia and nausea/vomiting is also important to suppress sympathetic activities.
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Review
[Anesthetic management of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy undergoing non-cardiac surgery].
There is little information on the perioperative management of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) undergoing non-cardiac surgery. The presence of a history or signs of heart failure and un-diagnosed DCM preoperatively, may be associated with an increased risk during non-cardiac surgery. In these patients, preoperative assessment of LV function, including echocardiography, and assessment of an individual's capacity to perform a spectrum of common daily tasks may be recommended to quantify the severity of systolic function. ⋯ To prevent perioperative low output syndrome, inotropic support, using catecholamines or phosphodiesterase inhibitors with or without vasodilators should be performed under careful monitoring. It is desirable to use a pulmonary-artery catheter during moderate to high risk surgery, because the optimum level of left ventricular pre-load is very narrow in these patients. Every effort must be made to detect postoperative heart failure by careful monitoring, including PAC, and physical examination.
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Mitochondrial diseases are caused by a decrease in ATP production due to mutations of mitochondrial or mitochondria-related nuclear DNA. Their effects are likely to appear in tissues with a high energy demand, including skeletal muscle, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Cardiac manifestations of mitochondrial diseases can be divided into cardiomyopathies, which are primarily hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies, and electropathies, which are primarily conduction system disease and ventricular pre-excitation. ⋯ Appropriate oxygenation, minimization of the oxygen demand, stable cardiovascular management, maintenance of a normal blood glucose level and body temperature, and effective perioperative pain control are of importance. Most anesthetics have been reported to reduce mitochondrial functions, and although enhancement of the sensitivity and prolongation of the duration of action have been reported, they are clinically used with no major problems. Detailed preoperative evaluation of the disease condition and careful intraoperative monitoring are important for the prevention of perioperative complications.
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Case Reports
[Anchor Fast endotracheal tube securing device for a pediatric patient during therapeutic hypothermia].
A 5-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital after resuscitation from cardiac arrest due to near-drowning accident in a river. On admission, Glasgow Coma Scale score was 7; arterial blood pressure was 113/73 mm Hg; heart rate was 157 beats x min(-1), and percutaneous oxygen saturation was 99% on 10 l x min(-1) of oxygen. The patient was intubated with a 5.0 mm internal diameter endotracheal tube, and therapeutic hypothermia was started for neural protection. ⋯ Anchor Fast kept the tube position properly even though the patient was turned or moved. Seventy-two hours later, she was rewarmed and extubated as scheduled. Ten days after admission, she was discharged without any neurological deficits.
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Comparative Study
[Safety of axillary and subclavian vein cannulation using real-time ultrasound guidance].
The safety of real-time ultrasound-guided subclavian and axillary vein cannulation as opposed to ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein cannulation has not received much attention. We retrospectively compared the safety and value of real-time ultrasound-guided cannulation in the subclavian and axillary veins with those of the landmark method. ⋯ Real-time ultrasound-guided subclavian and axillary vein cannulation is associated with a low incidence of complications similar to that of the internal jugular vein when competent individuals with appropriate training apply the technique.