Aǧrı : Ağrı (Algoloji) Derneği'nin Yayın organıdır = The journal of the Turkish Society of Algology
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Epidural anesthesia and thoracic paravertebral blocks have been the mainstay of regional anesthesia for thoracic surgery for many years. Following introduction of ultrasound use during regional anesthesia practices, new blocks named interfascial plane blocks have been introduced into clinical practice. Although interfascial plane blocks fail to provide surgical anesthesia their contribution to providing analgesia is clinically important. In this review we mention the most commonly accepted blocks namely pectoral blocks, serratus anterior plane block, erector spinae plane block and rhomboid blocks.
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Recently, ultrasonography (US) is an indispensible imaging technique in regional anesthesia practice. With the guidance of US, various invasive interventions in chronic pain pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, peripheral and neuroaxial pathologies has become possible. The management includes diagnostic blocks as weel as radiofrequency ablation and institution of neurolythic agents. ⋯ Latest publications in this field show that applicability of US in chronic pain syndromes is rapidly expanding with a good future. The additional equipment (echogenic needles, 3-D US etc.) will also expand its applications in algology practice. This review highlights different applications of US in chronic pain conditions.
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The head and neck regions are the most common sites of the human body to be involved in chronic pain conditions. Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain condition, and refers to all pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction or transitory perturbation in the peripheral or central nervous system (CNS). ⋯ These treatments may include endodontic treatment and extraction of the tooth or teeth in the region. In this review, only post-traumatic peripheral pain neuropathies seen after dental treatments will be discussed.
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There has been an increasing trends in the procedures of spine surgery in recent years. Postoperative chronic pain in spine surgery can be caused by damage or instability of spinal column; pressure on nerves or segment of spinal cord; or can be due to long lasting nociception caused by inflammation, infection or tumour. ⋯ Coping with any type of chronic pain is quite difficult. Chronic postoperative pain can be treated with: NSAIDs, paracetamol, opioids, anticonvulsants and invasive technics such as nerve blocs, central blocs.
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In recent years, intensive care units have been using advanced technology that provides significantly improved results in clinical treatment and care practices. However, this results in intensive care patients experiencing pain and anxiety. This pain and anxiety is generally brought under control with various pharmacological preparations. ⋯ Research has found music therapy to be an effective method of reducing pain intensity and anxiety levels in intensive care patients. Therefore, the use of music therapy is important for intensive care patients. This article will deal with the effects of music therapy on pain and anxiety management in intensive care patients.