Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine
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Periarthritis scapulohumeralis, also known as frozen shoulder, is a common disease in which the patient has a painful and restricted range of active and passive shoulder motion involving capsular contraction with no identifiable cause. Pathogenesis is thought to be a progression of inflammation and fibrosis of the capsule. ⋯ The natural progression of a frozen shoulder includes three phases (freezing, frozen and thawing) over a duration of 1 to 3.5 years and resolves spontaneously. Conservative treatment includes physical therapy and medication for pain relief but arthroscopic capsular release is sometimes performed in refractory cases.