Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1989
Review Case ReportsManagement of lead foreign body ingestion.
Previous reports of lead foreign body (PbFB) ingestion by children include two cases of lead intoxication and two cases that resulted in death. It is generally accepted, however, that PbFB ingestion does not pose a risk of lead toxicity, provided that the PbFB is not retained in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Recent experience with two cases substantiates this belief. ⋯ The second patient did not develop symptoms, and the highest reported BLL was 22 mcg/dl. Both patients passed the PbFB in the stool within two weeks. These cases suggest that PbFB ingestions can be treated in a manner similar to other uncomplicated foreign body ingestions.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1989
ReviewCarbon monoxide poisoning: a review epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical findings, and treatment options including hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the leading cause of poisoning deaths (accidental and intentional) in the United States. While confirmation of CO poisoning is easily obtained via assessment of carboxyhemoglobin (COHgb) levels, evaluation of the severity of intoxication is both difficult and inconsistent. Acute intoxication most commonly results in neurologic dysfunction and/or myocardial injury. ⋯ Based on the body of clinical, basic and scientific information currently available, patients who manifest signs of serious intoxication (i.e., unconsciousness or altered neurologic function, cardiac or hemodynamic instability) should be considered candidates for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) in addition to other appropriate supportive and intensive care. Any patient who has suffered an interval of unconsciousness, regardless of the patient's clinical exam on arrival, warrants HBO therapy. Treatment plans based on any specific COHgb level are not well founded.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1989
Review Comparative StudyPharmacologic effects on thermoregulation: mechanisms of drug-related heatstroke.
In summary, a number of pharmacologic agents interfere with the body's ability to maintain normal body temperature during exercise or under conditions of environmental heat stress. Life threatening elevation of body temperature may occur. Regardless of the predisposing cause of heatstroke, the final common pathway is heat injury to tissues causing cell death. Rapid cooling of the patient must take precedence and elucidation of the pathophysiologic disturbance is secondary to the accomplishment of this goal.