Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1984
Comparative StudyEffect of bicarbonate, phosphate, and saline lavage solutions on the dissolution of ferrous sulfate tablets.
The liberation of iron from ferrous sulfate tablets was studied in vitro to determine the influence of typical lavage solutions used to treat iron poisoning. In separate experiments, one or six tablets were immersed in simulated gastric fluid that contained bicarbonate, phosphate, or normal saline. ⋯ The clinical significance of these findings is difficult to assess without correlation in vivo. Studies comparing the lavage solutions for iron poisoning should consider the wide intertablet variability in dissolution, the retardation of iron liberation from multiple tablets by bicarbonate and phosphate, and the use of iron tablets instead of iron solutions.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1984
Review Case ReportsParenteral administration of hydrocarbons.
Two cases of subcutaneously administered hydrocarbon based products are presented and the literature reviewed. The toxicity associated with subcutaneous administration is limited to the site of injection producing cellulitis and sterile abscess formation. Management is discussed with emphasis on the importance of incision and drainage of developing abscesses. Perceived toxicity and ready availability of these products suggests that similar exposures can be expected.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Jan 1984
Case ReportsCharcoal hemoperfusion in the treatment of two cases of acute carbamazepine poisoning.
Charcoal hemoperfusion is effective in the treatment of acute carbamazepine (CBZ) poisoning, its efficacy depending on the metabolic capacity of the patient involved. This was assessed in two cases of CBZ poisoning in which CBZ and its metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZO) were monitored. One patient had not been treated with CBZ or other enzyme-inducing drugs before the overdose ingestion. ⋯ The erythrocyte/plasma concentration ratios of CBZ were 0.90 +/- 0.11 (mean +/- s.d.) and 1.36 +/- 0.10. CBZO was 30-40 per cent more concentrated in erythrocytes than was CBZ. The erythrocyte/plasma concentration ratios of CBZO were 1.36 +/- 0.10 and 1.80 +/- 0.23.
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · May 1983
ReviewEffects of emetic and cathartic agents on the gastrointestinal tract and the treatment of toxic ingestion.
Emetic drugs and saline cathartics produce direct or reflex changes in gastrointestinal motility. The changes in gastrointestinal smooth muscle function may be important in the rapid oral or rectal expulsion of gastrointestinal contents, effects which serve as a basis for emetic and cathartic drug use in the treatment of toxic ingestion. Because of difficulties in recording gastrointestinal smooth muscle contractile activity from the intact, unanesthetized animal or man, relatively few studies have attempted to characterize the changes in gastrointestinal motility preceding vomiting. ⋯ Studies should also be conducted to determine the pharmacology of the emetic sensory receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and the intraluminal physical-chemical or gastrointestinal physiological factors influencing gastrointestinal emetic sensory receptor activation. The results would demonstrate the value of emesis in various poison cases and help establish criteria for use and selection of emetic drugs. No less experimental attention should be devoted to the cathartic drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. · Apr 1982
Case ReportsNitrite poisoning caused by food contaminated with cooling fluid.
Two fatal cases of nitrite poisoning are described. From the identical clinical picture of both patients (fulminant fall of blood pressure, remarkable cyanosis attributed to methemoglobinemia, and "nasi" vomit), food poisoning seemed to be the most likely cause. Laboratory findings revealed that the food had been contaminated during transportation in a van by a leaking cooling fluid which contained sodium nitrite as anticorrosive agent.