Revista brasileira de anestesiologia
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Dexmedetomidine is a new alpha2-adrenergic agonist with a selectivity ratio of 1600:1 (alpha2:alpha1). It has important sedative and analgesic effects, good hemodynamic control at stress situations and may, by itself, induce anesthesia. This drug has been used to promote postoperative and intensive care sedation and analgesia. Due to such properties, dexmedetomidine has recently become a co adjuvant drug for anesthesia. So, this is a review of the literature about dexmedetomidine in anesthesia. ⋯ Dexmedetomidine premedication, infusion during anesthesia or in the postoperative period improves hemodynamic stability. Anesthetic consumption is decreased during anesthesia. Patients sedated with dexmedetomidine may awake, when requested and become cooperative. Even high dexmedetomidine doses do not cause respiratory depression. Bradycardia is a frequent side effect which may be minimized by slow drug infusion. So, dexmedetomidine is an important additional resource to anesthetic practice that may be used in different patients and surgical procedures.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Feb 2003
[Evaluation of maternal acid-base status after different doses of spinal sufentanil for cesarean section and its effects on the neonates.].
Spinal sufentanil in obstetric anesthesia promotes immediate pain relief, improves anesthesia quality and prolongs postoperative analgesia, its major side effect being respiratory depression. This study aimed at evaluating maternal acid-base status after different doses of spinal sufentanil associated to hyperbaric bupivacaine for cesarean section, and its effects on neonates' vitality. ⋯ The association of spinal hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine to low sufentanil doses has shown to be safe to both mother and neonate, preserving their hemodynamic and acid-base status.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Feb 2003
[Priming versus bolus: a comparative study with different cisatracurium doses.].
The priming technique is an alternative to shorten nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers onset time. This study aimed at evaluating maximum neuromuscular block onset, tracheal intubation conditions and cardiocirculatory changes determined by different cisatracurium single or fractional doses. ⋯ Fractional cisatracurium doses have not shortened maximum neuromuscular block onset as compared to bolus injections. They have however produced acceptable tracheal intubation conditions without cardiovascular changes.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Nov 2002
[Influence of propofol and etomidate on rocuronium-induced euromuscular block: evaluation with acceleromyography.].
Some hypnotics may interact with neuromuscular blockers and potentiate their effects. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of propofol and etomidate on rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block. ⋯ Propofol and etomidate had a similar behavior regarding time for rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block and tracheal intubation conditions.
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Rev Bras Anestesiol · Nov 2002
[Clinical experience with sedatives in the intensive care unit: a retrospective study.].
Among the most frequent indications for Intensive Care Unit patients sedation, one may mention artificial ventilation installation and maintenance, anxiety and uncomfortable or painful procedures. This retrospective study aimed at evaluating most common sedation indications and techniques for severe patients admitted to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM/UNIFESP) during an 11-month period. ⋯ Sedation is a common therapeutic resource for intensive care and is widely used to help mechanical ventilation and to treat psychiatric disorders. Fentanyl, alone or in association with midazolam, was the most widely used agent.