Otolaryngologia polska. The Polish otolaryngology
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Recommendations of the Main Board of the Polish Society of Otorhinolaryngologists, Head and Neck Surgeons for providing services during the COVID-19 pandemic constitute the guidance to outpatient and hospital practices in all cases where contact with a patient whose status of COVID-19 is unknown. They have been created based on world publications and recommendations due to the current state of the COVID-19 pandemic. ⋯ The possibility of providing services in the following months of the pandemic is important. We provide the rationale for launching medical activities and indicate optimal practices until the consolidation of SARS COV-2 prevention and treatment methods.
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In the diversity of the flavor world only five basic tastes have been described. The newest one, umami, has been identified about one hundred years ago by Kikunae Ikeda but widely accepted just in the second half of the twentieth century by international scientific world. There are three umami substances: monosodium glutamate (MSG), inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP), guanylo-5'-monophosphate (GMP). ⋯ They are desirable to improve the quality of diet. Moreover, the association between umami substances and the suppression of obesity has been found. Studies suggest that umami is engaged in metabolism but also increases satiety and reduces the post-ingestive recovery of hunger.
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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes implicated in the invasion and metastasis of many kinds of cancer because of their ability to degrade components of extracellular matrix. Specific tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate their activity. MMPs and TIMPs were identified in many neoplasm, including cancers of head and neck, lung, breast and colon cancer. In most researches a strong relation between MMPs and TIMPs expression and a clinical course of disease was observed, although there were many discrepancies between the authors. The aim of this research was to evaluate the expression of MMP1, MMP2, MMP9 and TIMP1, TIMP2, TIMP3 in head and neck cancer and to investigate the prognostic impact of these factors in patients with these tumors. ⋯ Our data suggest the conclusion that imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors play the important role in progression of head and neck cancer and patients' prognosis.
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Polyps within the nose and nasal sinuses are symptoms of both local conditions such as chronic bacterial or fungal rhinosinusitis, and systemic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, hypogammaglobulinemia, NSAID hypersensitivity syndrome, bronchial asthma as well as Kartagener's syndrome, Young's syndrome, Churg-Strauss' syndrome and Woakes' syndrome. The pathomechanism responsible for formation of nasal polyps remains a matter of dispute as well as the subject of numerous studies. Despite the proven role of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the pathomechanism of inflammation, the role of their respective polymorphisms has not been fully confirmed to date. ⋯ The 1G/2G polymorphism at position -1607 of the MMP1 gene may impact patients' predisposition to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Polymorphic variants are consistent with overall morbidity and may constitute risk variants. The status of a carrier of mutated (G insertion) allele with regard to the 1G/2G polymorphism at position -1607 within the MMP1 gene may determine a pathological phenotype associated with a more severe clinical course of CRSNP+ including earlier onset and disease recurrence.
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Case Reports
Unilateral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the frontal sinus presenting as Pott's puffy tumour.
Malignant lymphoma of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity is very rare and can mimic those of infectious, non-lymphomatous neoplastic and granulomatous process in their initial presentation, thus delaying its diagnosis. This report describes a case of unilateral frontal sinus B-cell lymphoma presenting as Pott's puffy tumour. Key features to differentiate the two conditions are discussed. ⋯ The patient was treated successfully with 6 cycles of chemotherapy. In conclusion, it is not easy to differentiate Pott's puffy tumour from frontal sinus lymphoma at their initial presentation. With clearer understanding of both conditions, we can raise the index of suspicion among clinicians of the possibility of frontal sinus lymphoma even when evidence of osteomyelitis is present, therefore prompting earlier tissue biopsies for confirmation of diagnosis.