Mayo Clinic proceedings
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Mayo Clinic proceedings · Apr 1990
ReviewManagement of postoperative pain: review of current techniques and methods.
Pain is a common problem in the early postoperative period. Techniques that provide perioperative analgesia to alleviate pain may have a significant effect on postoperative events, such as earlier ambulation and earlier dismissal from the hospital with use of epidural analgesia than with systemic analgesia. Spinal opioids, which can be administered epidurally or intrathecally, provide analgesia that is superior to that achieved with systemically administered narcotics. ⋯ Intercostal nerve block, a valuable but underutilized procedure appropriate for unilateral upper abdominal or flank operations or for thoracotomy, has been shown to reduce postoperative narcotic requirements and pulmonary complications. A patient-controlled analgesia device, consisting of an electronically controlled infusion pump with a timing device that can be triggered by the patient for intravenous administration of a narcotic when pain is experienced, avoids the vast fluctuations in analgesia that accompany parenteral administration of drugs. In most patients, postoperative pain can be prevented or diminished, and clinicians should be aware of the available techniques for achieving this goal.