Mayo Clinic proceedings
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Mayo Clinic proceedings · Apr 2021
Review Comparative StudyThe Oxygen Cascade During Exercise in Health and Disease.
The oxygen transport cascade describes the physiological steps that bring atmospheric oxygen into the body where it is delivered and consumed by metabolically active tissue. As such, the oxygen cascade is fundamental to our understanding of exercise in health and disease. ⋯ We will focus on how different steps interact along with principles of homeostasis, physiological redundancies, and adaptation. In particular, we highlight some of the parallels between elite athletes and clinical conditions in terms of the oxygen cascade.
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Mayo Clinic proceedings · Apr 2021
Adherence to Chronic Kidney Disease Screening Guidelines Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in a US Administrative Claims Database.
To examine the screening rates for kidney damage and function among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease stage at diabetes diagnosis using a US administrative claims database. ⋯ Physicians treating patients with diabetes are selectively adhering to chronic kidney disease screening guidelines, as indicated by high rates of eGFR testing, but less frequent UACR testing. Despite recommendations to monitor both eGFR and UACR, less than half of patients were screened for albuminuria during the 1-year follow-up.
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Mayo Clinic proceedings · Apr 2021
Review Comparative StudySex- and Gender-Related Differences in Common Functional Gastroenterologic Disorders.
Functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (FGIDs) result from central and peripheral mechanisms, cause chronic remitting-relapsing symptoms, and are associated with comorbid conditions and impaired quality of life. This article reviews sex- and gender-based differences in the prevalence, pathophysiologic factors, clinical characteristics, and management of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) that together affect approximately 1 in 4 people in the United States. These conditions are more common in women. ⋯ Slow gastric emptying and colon transit are more common in healthy women than in men, but effects of gonadal hormones on colon transit are less important than in rodents. Although increased visceral sensation partly explains symptoms, the effects of sex on visceral sensation, colonic permeability, and the gut microbiome are less prominent in humans than rodents. Whether sex or gender affects response to medications or behavioral therapy in FD or IBS is unclear because most patients in these studies are women.