Mayo Clinic proceedings
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Mayo Clinic proceedings · Jan 2022
ReviewVascular Endothelial Growth Factor as an Immediate-Early Activator of Ultraviolet-Induced Skin Injury.
The negative health consequences of acute ultraviolet (UV) exposure are evident, with reports of 30,000 emergency room visits annually to treat the effects of sunburn in the United States alone. The acute effects of sunburn include erythema, edema, severe pain, and chronic overexposure to UV radiation, leading to skin cancer. Whereas the pain associated with the acute effects of sunburn may be relieved by current interventions, existing post-sunburn treatments are not capable of reversing the cumulative and long-term pathological effects of UV exposure, an unmet clinical need. ⋯ Topical delivery of VEGF pathway inhibitors, targeted against the ligand VEGF-A (gold nanoparticles conjugated with anti-VEGF antibodies) and small-molecule antagonists of VEGF receptor signaling, prevent the development of erythema and edema in UV-exposed mice. These findings collectively suggest targeting VEGF signaling may reduce the subsequent inflammation and pathology associated with UV-induced skin damage, revealing a new postexposure therapeutic window to potentially inhibit the known detrimental effects of UV on human skin. It is essential to emphasize that these preclinical studies must not be construed as suggesting in any way the use of VEGF inhibitors as a sunburn treatment in humans because warranted future clinical studies and appropriate agency approval are essential in that regard.
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Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by inflammatory low back pain, inflammation in peripheral joints and entheses, and other extra-articular or systemic manifestations. Although our understanding of the natural history of axSpA has been limited by incomplete knowledge of disease pathogenesis, axSpA is increasingly understood as a spectrum of axial, peripheral, and extra-articular inflammatory conditions that includes nonradiographic axSpA and radiographic axSpA, also known as ankylosing spondylitis. ⋯ We present a detailed overview of the spectrum of axSpA clinical manifestations and highlight factors known to influence the risk of disease progression. Finally, we provide some expert commentary on the practical use of this road map to assist health care providers in the identification of axSpA in clinical practice.
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Mayo Clinic proceedings · Jan 2022
Osteoporosis and Its Association With Cardiovascular Disease, Respiratory Disease, and Cancer: Findings From the UK Biobank Prospective Cohort Study.
To investigate sex-specific associations of osteoporosis with incidence of and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, and cancer as well as with all-cause mortality. ⋯ Compared with women, men with osteoporosis had a higher risk of all-cause mortality, mortality from respiratory diseases including COPD, and cancer incidence. Osteoporosis was strongly associated with respiratory disease and COPD in both sexes, even after full adjustment for covariates, although men with osteoporosis experienced a higher risk of adverse outcomes.