Curēus
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Background There has been a steady rise in types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus among the youth in the USA from 2001 to 2017. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common and preventable presentation of both types of diabetes mellitus. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) United States Diabetes Surveillance System, during 2004-2019 an increase in DKA hospitalization rates by 59.4% was noted, with people aged less than 45 years having the highest rates. ⋯ This could reflect more comprehensive care and discharge planning that may have prevented them from readmission. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that demands a team effort from the patient, family, healthcare personnel, insurance companies, and lawmakers. There is scope for a lot of improvement with the way our patients are being managed, and a more holistic approach needs to be devised.
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Myocarditis is being increasingly reported as a potential complication of both Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines for COVID-19. One thousand five hundred and twenty-two cases were reported as of September 02, 2021, as per CDC's (Centers for Disease Control) vaccine adverse event reporting system. Most of the published data is available in the form of case reports and series. There is a need to compile the demographic data, clinical features, and outcomes in these patients. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of science, and google scholar for published literature between January 01, 2020, and July 17, 2021. Individual data of 69 patients were pooled from 25 qualifying case reports and case series. ⋯ Post-mRNA vaccination myocarditis is seen predominantly in young males within a few days after their second dose of vaccination. The pathophysiology of myocarditis is not well known. The prognosis is good as all the reported patients recovered. The presence of late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac MRI indicated myocardial necrosis/fibrosis and further studies are needed to establish the long-term prognosis of the condition.