Gigiena i sanitariia
-
The paper analyzes morbidity among Moscow schoolchildren in the past 50 years on the basis of the results of in-depth studies of pupils by the researchers of the Research Institute for the Hygiene and Health Care of Children and Adolescents. There is a significant reduction in the number of absolutely healthy children, the proportion of which is 2-4%. ⋯ The morbidity structure has changed in the past 50 years. Both biomedical and psychosocial factors are responsible for changes in the morbidity levels and structure of children and adolescents.
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Multicenter Study Comparative Study[Hygienic and medicosocial problems in the training of pupils at vocational colleges].
The authors studied the specific features of adaptation in a heterogeneous cohort of pupils (final-year pupils of common, compensating education classes and those of auxiliary schools) to the conditions of varying-level vocational training in building professions. The physiological cost of a learning process, which was associated with the volume and nature of a training load, was shown to be high. ⋯ There was evidence that it was necessary to correct the total educational load in all forms of training, by taking into account a 5-day schooling week, the age of pupils and their capabilities. It was established that there was a need for improving work on pupils' health care, having regard to great differences available in the health status of final-year pupils from different types of educational establishments, contraindications to profession familiarization, the high spread of social and behavioral risk factors, and the influence of schooling and training factors.
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Comparative Study[Integrated assessment of educational conditions in general education establishments of different types].
The integrated assessment of urban general educational establishments has revealed that teaching conditions at most of them do not meet the requirements of hygiene and the natural science bases of age-related psychophysiology. Only at the recently commissioned schools, the teaching conditions are recognized to be acceptable and they may become optimal on remedying flaws in the organization of a teaching-and-educational process. ⋯ Disadvantages in the organization of medical provision are more frequently observed at innovational schools too. The negative impact of higher loads at innovational schools can be leveled, by actively introducing into an educational process the health-preserving and health-improving technologies that should be employed by teachers and medical workers.
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Comparative Study[Development of sociopsychological adaptation of schoolchildren and vocational school pupils].
The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the influence of family factors on social and psychological adaptation and achievement motivation in pupils from general education schools and in their coevals from vocational educational schools (VES). An experimental study was conducted in 10th-form pupils from a number of Moscow schools and persons of the same age who were one-year course pupils from a Moscow VES. A total of 242 pupils, including 130 schoolchildren and 112 one-year course pupils from the VES, were examined. ⋯ The performed study confirmed the negative impact of poor family relations on pupils' sociological and psychological adaptation independently of the type of a general educational establishment. The high maternal educational level had a good effect on the adaptability of schoolchildren, that of boys in particular, whereas the paternal educational status is of the same value to VES pupils. Family relations and maternal and paternal education levels significantly affect the formation of achievement motive in pupils and their social and psychological adaptation as a whole.
-
Gigiena i sanitariia · Mar 2009
Multicenter Study Comparative Study[Hygienic assessment of organization of motor activity in primary class pupils of full-day schools].
The impact of a routine with the traditional organization of motor activity, a more extensive motor regimen with additional lessons of physical training, eurhythmics, and swimming, as well as a motor regimen of prophylactic and health-improving orientation of the Health School, which is at the most integrated into an educational process, on exercise performance, lung capacity, carpal muscle strength, physical fitness, and nonspecific resistance was studied in 156 first-to-second-form pupils at a two-year follow-up. The traditional motor regimen was found to fail to significantly increase functional parameters. ⋯ The Health School motor regimen providing a uniform motor activity distribution in the first and second half of a day and a predominance of a dynamic component over a statistical one was also favorable to the maintenance of increment rates of the parameters at 2 years of the follow-up, which implies the developing nature of this regimen. Hygienic recommendations to optimize the traditional motor regimen were worked out for full-day school pupils.