Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
-
Mult Scler Relat Disord · Apr 2017
Demographic and clinical profile of Multiple Sclerosis in Kashmir: A short report.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). There have been only few population/hospital based studies on MS in India, and at the same time there is no data on its profile in Kashmir. ⋯ This is the first preliminary report on MS profile in Kashmir. The high prevalence of female patients and RR course of MS, low prevalence of progressive cases, predominance of OCB positive cases, insignificant family history in all cases, predominance of cases with low socio-economic status, and high rate of less educated and unemployed cases are the most important findings. By and large MS pattern in Kashmir was found to be relatively similar to West and rest of the Asia. Larger comprehensive studies are mandatory to completely understand MS pattern in Kashmir. There is utmost requirement to maintain a local MS registry in Kashmir so as to get an idea about the actual number of persons suffering from the disease and compare the data with other regions of India.
-
Mult Scler Relat Disord · Apr 2017
Clinical outcomes and predictive factors related to good outcomes in plasma exchange in severe attack of NMOSD and long extensive transverse myelitis: Case series and review of the literature.
To investigate the predictive factors associated with good outcomes of plasma exchange in severe attacks through neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and long extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). In addition, to review the literature of predictive factors associated with the good outcomes of plasma exchange in central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases (CNS IDDs). ⋯ Plasma exchange following IVMP therapy is effective as a treatment for patients experiencing a severe attack of NMOSD or LETM. The factors associated with good outcomes after plasma exchange in CNS IDDs are reviewed in the literature. We classified 3 different aspects, including pre-plasma exchange factors, based on minimal disability at baseline, preserved reflexes, early initiation, and short disease duration; post plasma exchange factors, including early improvement or lower disability at last follow up; and radiographic factors, for which the presence of active gadolinium lesions and the absence of spinal cord atrophy seem to be good outcomes for plasmapheresis.
-
Mult Scler Relat Disord · Apr 2017
Presence of central veins and susceptibility weighted imaging for evaluating lesions in multiple sclerosis and leukoaraiosis.
The process of demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) is reflected in lesions of the central nervous system (CNS), which are found in an abundance of different diseases and are frequently radiographically indistinguishable. Our aim was to determine whether the perivenous distribution of MS lesions identified on susceptibility weighted images (SWI) could be used as a specific radiographic sign for MS, and also to determine whether the visibility of the central vein (CV) is affected by the activity of MS lesions. ⋯ We can conclude that the presence of a CV is not a specific radiographic sign for MS. CVs can also be identified in lesions caused by various other diseases.
-
To catalogue the risk of PML with the currently available disease modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS). ⋯ A logical classification for stratifying DMT PML risk is important for both the physician and patient in contextualizing risk/benefit ratios. As additional experience accumulates regarding PML and the DMTs, this early effort will undoubtedly require revisiting.
-
Mult Scler Relat Disord · Nov 2016
The association of cognitive impairment with gray matter atrophy and cortical lesion load in clinically isolated syndrome.
Multiple sclerosis can impair cognition from the early stages and has been shown to be associated with gray matter damage in addition to white matter pathology. ⋯ In our patients with CIS, it was shown that cognitive impairment was mainly related to cerebral white matter, cerebellar cortical and deep gray matter atrophy, but not with cortical inflammation, at least in the early stage of disease.