Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology
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Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. · Jun 2021
Meta AnalysisColchicine treatment can improve outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Currently, there is no widely acceptable and proven effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Colchicine has been shown to offer a benefit in reducing the inflammation in several inflammatory diseases. This study aims to analyze the efficacy of colchicine administration and outcomes of COVID-19. ⋯ This meta-analysis showed that the administration of colchicine was associated with improvement of outcomes of COVID-19 [OR 0.43 (95% CI 0.34-0.55), p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%, fixed-effect modelling] and its subgroup which comprised of reduction from severe COVID-19 [OR 0.44 (95% CI 0.31-0.63), p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%, fixed-effect modelling] and reduction of mortality rate from COVID-19 [OR 0.43 (95% CI 0.32-0.58), p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%, fixed-effect modelling]. Our study suggests the routine use of colchicine for treatment modalities of COVID-19 patients. More randomized clinical trial studies are still needed to confirm the results from this study.
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Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. · Aug 2020
Meta AnalysisDexmedetomidine in the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients following non-cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
The efficacy of dexmedetomidine in the prevention of postoperative delirium (POD) remains ambiguous, however, it has been used to reduce the incidence of delirium in elderly patients. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis study for assessing the effects of dexmedetomidine on POD among elderly patients following non-cardiac surgery. A systematic literature search was performed against the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, and all relevant literature published till November 30, 2019, were considered. ⋯ However, patients who received dexmedetomidine had a higher incidence of bradycardia and hypotension. In conclusion, the meta-analysis revealed that dexmedetomidine appears to decrease the risk of POD in elderly patients following non-cardiac surgery. However, as some of the studies were heterogeneous and of low quality, high-quality trials are necessary for drawing more definitive conclusions.
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Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. · Apr 2020
Hesperidin attenuates altered redox homeostasis in an experimental hyperlipidaemic model of rat.
Diets rich in saturated fats and cholesterol contribute to the incidence of hyperlipidaemia. An altered lipid profile is a major factor responsible for the development of CVD. Male Wistar rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) (suspension (w/v) of 0.5% cholesterol, 3% coconut oil and 0.25% cholic acid for 30 days) to induce an experimental hyperlipidaemic model. ⋯ Reactive oxygen species production (67%), MDA (28.9%), AOPP (31.42%), PCO (58.53%), and PMRS (156%), inflammatory markers, cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, were elevated and GSH (50%), PON 1 (37.07%), and FRAP (26.58%) activity were significantly (P < .05) lower in the high-fat diet group. Hesperidin supplementation protected HFD-fed rats from oxidative damage. Our findings indicate that the supplementation of hesperidin provides protection against redox imbalance induced by hyperlipidaemia in rats.
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Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. · Jan 2020
Effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on heart rate variability in conscious rats.
To examine the effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) on heart rate variability (HRV), male adult Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to hypoxia (oxygen 11.1%) in a hypobaric chamber for 42 days, 6 hours each day, simulating an altitude of 5000 m. The body weight and blood pressure of rats were recorded once a week, electrocardiograms were analyzed continuously using biotelemetry, before, during and after CIHH treatment each day, and HRV was evaluated using spectrum analysis. No significant difference of body weight and blood pressure was found between CIHH and control rats. ⋯ In addition, the HR was increased in CIHH rats after 4 weeks of CIHH treatment compared with control rats. Furthermore, HRV was altered significantly in control rats, but not in CIHH rats exposed to acute normobaric hypoxia. These data suggest that CIHH treatment modulates cardiac autonomic activity adaptively and inhibits the acute normobaric hypoxia-induced changes in HRV.
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Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. · Oct 2018
Comparative StudyComparative analgesic efficacy of pregabalin administered according to either a prevention protocol or an intervention protocol in rats with cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a type of peripheral neuropathic pain that may be dose-limiting in patients administered potentially curative cancer chemotherapy dosing regimens. In cancer survivors, persistent CIPN adversely affects patient quality of life and so adjuvant drugs (anticonvulsants eg pregabalin or antidepressants eg amitriptyline) are recommended for the relief of CIPN. However, most studies in rodent models of CIPN involve administration of single bolus doses of adjuvant drugs to assess pain-relieving efficacy. ⋯ Mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia were also determined at the time of peak effect at about 2 hours post pregabalin/vehicle administration, once weekly until study completion. For the prevention protocol in CIPN-rats, pregabalin alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia but not mechanical allodynia. For the intervention protocol, pregabalin alleviated both mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia in the hindpaws.