Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
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To study whether the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (WR) and pain sensation are differentially affected by supraspinal modulation and to determine the nature of this modulation. ⋯ The experimental setup and subjects' mental state should be considered when interpreting changes in the WR. Extreme caution should be employed when utilizing reflexive indices as a measure of pain. Verbal report seems a more suitable tool to evaluate pain since it is relatively stable with repeated measurements and in accordance with stimulation intensity.
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Carotid endarterectomy is a common procedure as a secondary prevention of stroke, and is often performed with selective shunting. Although various EEG parameters have been proposed to determine if the brain is at risk during carotid artery clamping, the common procedure is still the visual assessment of the EEG. Here, we propose an extension to the previously described brain symmetry index (BSI) [van Putten M, Peters J, Mulder S, de Haas J, Bruijninckx C, Tavy D. A brain symmetry index (BSI) for online EEG monitoring in carotid endarterectomy. Clin Neurophysiol 2004, 115(5), 1189-94.], as an additional quantitative criterion for shunt need in carotid endarterectomy. ⋯ Quantitative real-time EEG analysis will assist in the EEG interpretation for selective shunting in carotid endarterectomy.
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To investigate the effect of local excitation of nociceptive muscle afferents on the spatial distribution of muscle activity. ⋯ The study furnishes an extension of the pain adaptation model indicating heterogeneous inhibition of muscle activity.
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The objective of the study was to investigate the sensitivity of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex to stimulation of different locations on the sole of the foot during hemiplegic gait. ⋯ The results have potential application in programs to rehabilitate hemiplegic gait.
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To study the reliability and validity of resting electrical activity from tender areas in muscle. ⋯ Our data provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the electrical activity from myofascial tender areas.