Clinical epidemiology
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Clinical epidemiology · Jan 2018
Replacing sedentary time with physical activity: a 15-year follow-up of mortality in a national cohort.
Sedentary behavior is associated with health risks in adults. The potential benefits of reducing sedentary time may be dependent not only on decrease per se, but also on the type of activity it replaces. Few longitudinal studies have investigated the effects on mortality when replacing objectively assessed sedentary time with another physical activity (PA) behavior. ⋯ This statistical modelling study suggests that replacing sedentary time with light-intensity PA could have beneficial effect on both all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Replacing sedentary time with MVPA could reduce CVD mortality.
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Clinical epidemiology · Jan 2018
ReviewMortality in people with dementia, delirium, and unspecified cognitive impairment in the general hospital: prospective cohort study of 6,724 patients with 2 years follow-up.
Cognitive impairment is common in older people admitted to hospital, but the outcomes are generally poorly understood, and previous research has shown inconsistent associations with mortality depending on the type of cognitive impairment examined and duration of follow-up. This study examines mortality in older people with any cognitive impairment during acute hospital admission. ⋯ Mortality post-admission is high in older people with CSD. Immediate risk is highest in those with delirium, while dementia or unspecified cognitive impairment is associated with medium- to long-term risk. These findings suggest that individuals without dementia who develop delirium are more seriously ill (have required a larger acute insult in order to precipitate delirium) than those with pre-existing brain pathology (dementia). Further research to explain the mortality patterns observed is required in order to translate the findings into clinical care.