Sudebno-meditsinskaia ekspertiza
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Case Reports
[The determination of the ballistics of a hunting rifle loaded with a Poleva-3 bullet].
Various approaches are considered to determine the shooting range of a hunting rifle loaded with a Poleva-3 bullet from the specific features of gunshot injuries inflicted by container-type Poleba-3 bullets for hunting rifles.
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The results of the sientometric analysis of the publications in the journal Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza (Forensic Medical Expertise) for the 55 year period (from 1958 to 2012) was used to evaluate the information support of scientific research and practical observations of forensic medical experts concerning the topical issues of road traffic injury in this country. The authors performed the search for the relevant publications which revealed 165 articles that were classified and grouped with a view to their systematic assessment for the enhancement of the effectiveness of research work and practical activities of specialists concerned with forensic medical traumatology with special reference to road traffic injury. The present paper is a preliminary communication to be followed by a series of further publications containing the results of in-depth sientometric analysis of the articles published by specialists in injury cases involving cars, trains, and airplanes in the journal Sudebno-meditsinskaya ekspertiza.
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The mechanisms of formation of gunshot fractures in flat bones inflicted by a semispherical bullet were investigated using expert and experimental materials. The process of crack formation was considered in terms of the Hertzian contact problem and the Hill-Johnson model. It was shown that the fracture develops as a result of combination of stresses and strains in the bone tissue leading to the formation of a hydrostatic nucleus prior to tissue fragmentation. ⋯ It gives reason to consider the effect of a bullet moving with the speed of 250 m/s as quasi-static loading. The results obtained in this study make a contribution to the theory of impact effect of a bullet and provide a deeper insight into the physical nature of the direct and sideway action of a gunshot projectile. Moreover, they explain the cause behind the widening of the outlet part of the perforating fracture in the flat bones.