Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
-
Review Meta Analysis
Chronic smoking and brain gray matter changes: evidence from meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies.
Structural neuroimaging studies on chronic smokers using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) had provided cumulative evidence of gray matter (GM) changes relative to nonsmokers. However, not all the studies reported entirely consistent findings. Here, we aimed at identifying consistent GM anomalies in chronic smokers by performing a meta-analysis, and a systematic search of VBM studies on chronic smokers and nonsmokers published in PubMed and Embase database from 2000 to April 2012. ⋯ A considerable regional GM volume decrease was detected in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (BA 24) extending to BA32 in chronic smokers. The findings remain largely unchanged in the entire brain jackknife sensitivity analyses. The results of the present meta-analysis provide evidence of GM changes in ACC in chronic smokers which may be an important potential therapeutic neuro-target for nicotine dependence.
-
Letter Case Reports
Acute hydrocephalus following heroin induced leukoencephalopathy.