Articles: analgesics.
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Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. · Jan 1990
Acupuncture before delivery: effect on pain perception and the need for analgesics.
Pain experience and the amount of analgesics needed during labor were studied in 32 primiparous women who had received repeated treatment with acupuncture (AP) during the month prior to term and in 16 nontreated primiparous women. The women's psychological profiles were evaluated by a psychiatric interview at week 38 of pregnancy. Treatment with AP did not reduce the need for analgesics in labor. ⋯ Experience of pain was not reduced in subjective assessments in women treated with AP. There was a strong correlation between assessments of pain made during labor and 6 months after delivery. In the group that did not receive AP, cerebrospinal fluid dynorphin A was significantly lower in parturients who chose epidural anesthesia.
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J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. · Jan 1990
Respiratory and locomotor stimulation by low doses of dermorphin, a mu1 receptor-mediated effect.
The selective opioid mu receptor agonist dermorphin increased the locomotor activity of rats dose dependently at 10 to 100 pmol/kg i.c.v. Respiratory rate, relative tidal volume and respiratory minute volume also increased unrelated to changes in locomotor activity. ⋯ The selective benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil (5 mg/kg), which has been shown previously to antagonize catalepsy and respiratory depression produced by relatively high doses of dermorphin, did not antagonize the respiratory or locomotor stimulant effect of dermorphin. The data suggest that mu1-opioid receptors are responsible for the low dose stimulant effects of dermorphin on locomotor activity and respiration whereas mu2 receptors mediate the respiratory depressant effect of dermorphin.
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Swiss medical weekly · Dec 1989
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial[Analgesic effects of an oral dose of clonidine].
Experimental data and anecdotal clinical observations have shown that clonidine, an alpha 2-agonist, has a marked analgesic effect. We investigated clonidine-induced analgesia in response to nociceptive stimuli. On 2 different days 7 normal volunteers received either placebo or clonidine (200 micrograms) orally according to a cross-over, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design. ⋯ Side effects were a moderate fall in blood pressure, sedation and dryness of the mouth. A single oral dose of clonidine induces significant analgesia. These results suggest that clonidine is potentially a worthwhile drug for pain treatment which deserves further clinical investigation.
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If migraine attacks occur more frequently than 2 times a month, treatment of the acute attack with analgesics and ergotamine becomes problematic. An acute relief of migraine symptoms will be achieved only at the risk of developing a drug-induced chronic headache. Therefore, if migraine attacks occur frequently prophylactic treatment should be considered. ⋯ There is, however, convincing evidence that neither clonidine, nor anti-histamines, nor barbiturates, nor antiepileptic drugs, nor anxiolytics are effective in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. Successful prophylactic treatment cannot be achieved by drug therapy alone. Any form of drug treatment should be complemented by providing the patient with detailed information about the nature of the disease and the properties of the prescribed drugs, as well as careful investigation of the patient's situation and habits and a careful search for precipitants, combined with an attempt to change the patient's habits and to avoid factors that trigger the attacks.