Articles: opioid-analgesics.
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Pediatric emergency care · Dec 2021
Prescribing Patterns of Oral Opioid Analgesic for Acute Pain at a Tertiary Care Children's Hospital Emergency Departments and Urgent Cares.
Despite Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines on adult opioid prescribing, there is a paucity of evidence and no guidelines to inform opioid prescribing in pediatrics. To develop guidelines on pediatric prescribing, it is imperative to evaluate current practice on opioid use. The objectives were to describe prescribing patterns of opioids for acute pain at a children's hospital and to compare clinical characteristics of patients who received less or greater than 3 days. ⋯ Overall, prescribing patterns for the duration of opioid analgesics were ≤3 days, with a median of 2 days. There was a large range of days prescribed, with variations in prescribing characteristics among patients and providers.
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To examine the rate of new and persistent opioid use after endocrine surgery operations. ⋯ The rate of new, persistent opioid use after endocrine surgery operations is substantial but may be mitigated by decreasing the number of postoperative opioids prescribed.
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To determine whether persistent opioid use after injury is associated with subsequent long-term development of clinically recognized opioid abuse. ⋯ Nearly a quarter of patients filled an opioid prescription 3 to 6 months after discharge, and this persistent use was associated with long-term development of opioid abuse.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Type of anesthesia and quality of recovery in male patients undergoing lumbar surgery: a randomized trial comparing propofol-remifentanil total i.v. anesthesia with sevoflurane anesthesia.
Previous studies have shown that women achieve a better quality of postoperative recovery from total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) than from inhalation anesthesia, but the effect of anesthesia type on recovery in male patients is unclear. This study therefore compared patient recovery between males undergoing lumbar surgery who received TIVA and those who received sevoflurane anesthesia. ⋯ This study demonstrates that the quality of recovery is not significantly different between male TLIF surgery patients who receive TIVA and those who receive sevoflurane anesthesia. Patients in the TIVA group had better postoperative analgesic effect on POD2.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Prescription opioid use among women of reproductive age in the United States: NHANES, 2003-2018.
Women are prescribed opioids more often than men. Prescription opioid use among women of reproductive age is a public health concern because opioid use during pregnancy is associated with decreased prenatal care and increased risk of adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes. Recent prevalence estimates and correlates of prescription opioid use and long-term use among women of reproductive age are limited. ⋯ Correlates of prescription opioid use and long-term use included ages 35-44, non-Hispanic White, public insurance, and women with poor or fair health status. As policy makers and clinicians strive to reduce the negative impacts of the opioid epidemic, they should consider the demographic groups most likely to use prescription opioids long-term. Additionally, reductions in opioid prescribing should be balanced with increased availability of nonopioid therapies and monitoring for opioid use disorder.