Articles: analgesia.
-
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment may require the concurrent administration of drugs. A study was performed to assess the suitability of the infusor device from the Baxter Patient-Controlled Analgesia system, for drug delivery during hyperbaric therapy. Thirty infusor devices were used to deliver 5% dextrose, 50% dextrose or propofol solutions under conditions 1 and 2.3 atmospheres of pressure. The increased pressure caused an increase in flow of 4.27%, 1.79% and 9.84% for 5% dextrose, propofol and 50% dextrose respectively.
-
Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1994
Tolerance to the mydriatic effect of buprenorphine, butorphanol, nalbuphine, and cyclorphan, and cross-tolerance to morphine in mice.
An increase in the use of opioid derivatives in the treatment of pain syndrome in clinical practice, and especially in the treatment of cancer, has added impetus to the search for an agent which does not induce tolerance and cross-tolerance to other opiodis. The mydriatic effect of opioids in mice, the correlation between analgesia and mydriasis, and tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine in mice were evaluated previously. ⋯ Tolerance and cross-tolerance to morphine were developed following a chronic use of buprenorphine, nalbuphine, and cyclorphan. After chronic injection of butorphanol, no tolerance or cross-tolerance to morphine was observed.
-
Journal of anesthesia · Sep 1994
Lumbar epidural block reduces cough strength in healthy young subjects.
Effects of lumbar epidural block on maximum expiratory strength were studied in 12 healthy volunteers. Subjects performed maximum expiratory effort against occluded airway at functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) while measuring airway pressure and electromyogram of the abdominal muscles (EMGab). Cough strength was assessed by maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax) and peak EMGab (peak-EMGab). ⋯ Compared with severe reduction in peak-EMGab, PEmax was well maintained at TLC, but changes in PEmax were identical to those in peak-EMGab at FRC. When analgesia spread to higher than T6, PEmax at TLC decreased considerably. We conclude that lumbar epidural block producing analgesia above T6 paralyzes the abdominal muscles and severely impairs the ability of effective cough in healthy young men.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of intra-articular morphine and bupivacaine following knee arthroscopy.
A prospective study was conducted to investigate and compare the analgesic effect of morphine and bupivacaine injected intra-articularly following elective knee arthroscopy performed under general anesthesia without the use of a tourniquet. Cost-effectiveness of these agents was also evaluated. ⋯ Results showed that patients in Group 2 reported significantly less pain overall (P < .006) and significantly lower analgesic requirements (P < .0004) at a lower average patient cost than Group 1. We conclude that intra-articular morphine reduces postoperative pain and analgesic requirements more effectively and at a lower average patient cost than bupivacaine.