Articles: adult.
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Alzheimers Res Ther · Apr 2011
What can we learn from study of Alzheimer's disease in patients with Down syndrome for early-onset Alzheimer's disease in the general population?
The clinical and scientific study of dementia in adults with Down syndrome led to the development of the amyloid hypothesis as a fundamental concept in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. The journey started with the discovery of the structure and metabolic processing of β-amyloid brain deposits associated with Alzheimer's dementia in adults with Down syndrome, and then the prediction and confirmation of the amyloid precursor protein gene on chromosome 21. The processes and genes responsible for tau hyperphosphorylation contributing to toxic brain deposits were additionally identified. ⋯ Nearly 200 genetic causes of early-onset types of Alzheimer's disease have since been identified. Only a minority of these causes are on chromosome 21, although the aetiology of excess amyloid production remains fundamental to their pathogenesis. Knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease in predisposed families and in people with Down syndrome is a step closer to prevention or cure of this devastating disease.
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Tracheal bronchus is an abnormal bronchus that comes directly off the lateral wall of the trachea (ie, above the main carina) and supplies ventilation to the upper lobe. A new nomenclature and classification system has been developed for tracheal bronchus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomic and bronchoscopic features of tracheal bronchus subtypes on the basis of the new nomenclature and classification system. ⋯ Displaced preeparterial tracheal bronchus was the most common subtype of tracheal bronchus. Furthermore, in all cases, tracheal bronchus was located on the right side of the trachea. Both flexible bronchoscopy and computed tomography of the chest were crucial for its diagnosis.
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Nursing & health sciences · Mar 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialGender differences in pain modulation by a sweet stimulus in adults: A randomized study.
This study aimed to examine whether or not there are gender differences in sweet stimulus-induced analgesia for cold pain in adults. In a randomized cross-over design, twenty men and 20 women held either a 24% sucrose solution or distilled water in their mouth before and while they immersed their hand in cold water and their pain response was examined. ⋯ The findings reveal that the analgesic effect of a sweet stimulus on the pain threshold is influenced by gender differences in human adults, indicating that sweet stimulus-induced analgesia has a brief analgesic effect, particularly for men. Although more research is warranted, the sweet stimulus could be put to practical application as an adjunct to acute pain management for men.
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Within the next 30 years, the number of visits older adults will make to emergency departments (EDs) is expected to double from 16 million, or 14% of all visits, to 34 million and comprise nearly a quarter of all visits. ⋯ These findings have several implications for patients seen in the ED. The SIS coupled with a clock drawing task (CLOX1) provide a rapid and simple method for assessing and documenting cognition when lengthier assessment tools are not feasible and add to the literature on the use of these tools in the ED. Further research on provider use of these tools and potential implication for quality improvement is needed.