Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Controlled Clinical Trial
Early cranioplasty in patients with post-traumatic decompressive craniectomy and it's correlation with changes in cerebral perfusion parameters and neuro-cognitive outcome.
Decompressive craniectomy is a life-saving procedure in many patients after traumatic brain injury. Delayed recovery in such patients can be attributed to various causes. Cranioplasty (CP) helps in early improvement of neurocognitive function along with better brain protection and cosmesis. The mechanism responsible for this functional improvement and the ideal time to perform cranial reconstruction is less understood. ⋯ Neurocognitive improvement is noted after CP in all of the patients. CP should be offered once the brain edema subsides, at the earliest. Improved cerebral perfusion may be the key factor for the improved functional outcome.
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The ability to safely place viable intracerebral grafts of human-derived therapeutic stem cells in three-dimensional (3D) space was assessed in a porcine model of human stereotactic surgery using the Intracerebral Microinjection Instrument (IMI) compared to a conventional straight cannula. ⋯ In contrast to traditional straight cannulas, the IMI enables the delivery of multiple precise cellular injection volumes in accurate 3D arrays. In this porcine large animal model of human neurosurgery, the IMI reduced surgical time and appeared to reduce neural trauma associated with multiple penetrations that would otherwise be required using a conventional straight delivery cannula.
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To determine the role of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) admitted to a large level I trauma center in Southern Iran. ⋯ Age, GCS score on admission, Rotterdam score, intracranial hypertension, and maximum recorded ICP are important determinants of outcome in patients with severe TBI. ICP monitoring assisted us in targeted therapy and management of patients with severe TBI.
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There is increasing evidence that race and socioeconomic factors affect patient outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our goal was to assess the effect of race, ethnicity and insurance status on hospital length of stay, procedures performed, mortality, and discharge disposition after TBI. ⋯ Race/ethnicity and insurance status significantly affect TBI patient outcomes, even after controlling for demographic and injury characteristics.
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Clinical endocrinology · Oct 2016
Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency in adults after traumatic brain injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of long-term disability with variable recovery. Preclinical studies suggest that vitamin D status influences the recovery after TBI. However, there is no published clinical data on links between vitamin D status and TBI outcomes. The aim was to determine the (i) prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, and associations of vitamin D status with (ii) demographic factors and TBI severity, and with (iii) cognitive function, symptoms and quality of life, in adults after TBI. ⋯ Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients after TBI and associated with impaired cognitive function and more severe depressive symptoms.