Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Clin Neurol Neurosurg · Oct 2016
Effective treatment via early cranioplasty for intractable contralateral subdural effusion after standard decompressive craniectomy in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
This study aimed to introduce an effective treatment for intractable contralateral subdural effusion after standard decompressive craniectomy in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to analyze the underlying mechanism. ⋯ Early cranioplasty is an effective, economical, and less painful treatment for intractable contralateral subdural effusion after standard decompressive craniectomy.
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Patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) have an increased risk of developing a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but the risk of hemorrhage expansion with intracranial monitoring devices remains unknown. We sought to determine the safety of chemical DVT prophylaxis in severe TBI patients with invasive intracranial pressure monitors. ⋯ We conclude that DVT prophylaxis with either LMWH or UH is safe with intracranial pressure monitors in place.
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Clin Neurol Neurosurg · Oct 2016
Time course of cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarkers and relationship to 6-month neurologic outcome in adult severe traumatic brain injury.
Activation of the inflammatory cascade is a known pathophysiologic process in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with yet non-standardized scientific data regarding relationship to outcome. The understanding of the time course of expression of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels following severe TBI is an important step toward using these biomarkers to measure injury severity and/or early response to therapeutic interventions. The objective of the current study is to report the time course and values of a battery of CSF inflammatory biomarkers following severe TBI in our reasonably sized patient cohort. ⋯ The study shows that inflammatory biomarkers in CSF are potential biomarkers of injury severity and progression and/or recovery; they could prove beneficial in the future assessment of injury severity and response to therapy after severe TBI.
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No objective vision biomarker for photosensitivity currently exists. The present study sought to uncover potential biomarkers for photosensitivity within the pupillary light reflex. ⋯ Several pupillometry parameters were significantly different in those with and without photosensitivity in both populations tested. These specific parameters could serve as potential, objectively based biomarkers for photosensitivity in these specific populations.
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Brain research bulletin · Oct 2016
Cordycepin attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced impairments of blood-brain barrier integrity in rats.
Loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is a downstream event caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI). BBB integrity is affected by certain physiological conditions, including inflammation and oxidative stress. Cordycepin is a susbtance with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. ⋯ Furthermore, cordycepin inhibited NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression and activity following TBI, probably through NOX1, but not NOX2 and NOX4. Cordycepin has protective effects against brain damages induced by TBI. The protection of cordycepin on BBB integrity was probably achieved through recovery of tight junction proteins, inhibition of local inflammation, and prevention of NOX activity.